哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井氦气(He)含量映震特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井的水文地球化学环境,分析其17年氦气（He）含量变化映震特征,氦气（He）变化的地震前兆异常表现为：上升（或下降）幅度、速率变化超出正常范围,具有较好的重复性,测值遵循的是,背景值－趋势性上升（或突升）,趋势性下降（或突降）－恢复至背景值的变化过程。将该井氦气（He）观测数据经过滤波、差分处理后,以3倍均方差作为异常识别标准,结果表明：氦气（He）对监测点周围300km范围5级地震、400km范围6级地震的对映率分别为100％、66．7％,是较好的地震前兆手段之一。     

复杂地基上堆载速度对地基沉降的影响分析

复杂地基上进行堆山工程主要存在地基的不均匀沉降和剪切破坏等工程地质问题,特别是堆山地基岩土体分布不均匀引起的地基差异沉降问题,必须对其进行科学计算分析,给出地基处理的对策和人工堆积边坡的加固措施。为了减小沉降变形给工程带来的不良影响,拟采用分层碾压填筑、控制填土堆填速度、通过所堆岩土体荷载使地基土层固结来提高地基的承载力。同时为了保证堆山工程安全,对不同加载速度条件下地基固结沉降进行计算分析,给出最佳堆载工期,按此最佳堆载工期进行堆填以满足工程的安全设计要求。     

Cu(II) adsorption at the calcite-water interface in the presence of natural organic matter: Kinetic studies and molecular-scale characterization

We have characterized the adsorption of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Cu(II) on calcite from preequilibrated solutions at pH 8.25. Sorption isotherms of SRHA on calcite follow Langmuir-type behavior at SRHA concentrations less than 15 mg C L⁻¹, whereas non-Langmuirian uptake becomes evident at concentrations greater than 15 mg C L⁻¹. The adsorption of SRHA on calcite is rapid and mostly irreversible, with corresponding changes in electrostatic properties. At pH 8.25, Cu(II) uptake by calcite in the presence of dissolved SRHA decreases with increasing dissolved SRHA concentration, suggesting that formation of Cu-SRHA aqueous complexes is the primary factor controlling Cu(II) sorption at the calcite surface under the conditions of our experiments. We also observed that surface-bound SRHA has little influence on Cu(II) uptake by calcite, suggesting that Cu(II) coordinates to calcite surface sites rather than to surface-bound SRHA.Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic results show that the local coordination of Cu adsorbed at the calcite surface is very similar in the presence and absence of SRHA. Ca backscatterers at ∼3.90 Å indicate that Cu(II) forms tetragonally distorted inner-sphere adsorption complexes in both binary and ternary systems. Subtle differences in the XANES and EXAFS between binary sorption samples and ternary sorption samples, however, prevent us from ruling out the formation of ternary Cu-SRHA surface complexes. Our findings demonstrate that SRHA plays an important role in controlling the fate and transport of Cu(II) in calcite-bearing systems.     

Distribution characteristics of Geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley after the Wenchuan earthquake

A devastating earthquake of Ms 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area on May 12, 2008. The quake triggered numerous landslides and avalanches in Ganxi Valley. Aerial photo interpretation indicates that the landslides and avalanches, presently in a stable state, are concentrated in 91 subregions of the valley, occupying 10.42 km², about 29% of the valley area. Some laws have been found on the gradient, aspect, elevation, distance of rupture, and formation lithology of geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley: (1) They are mainly situated on slopes between 30° and 50° and increase in number with increasing slope; (2) Failures are mainly in a southerly direction; and most occurred between 1,000 and 1,600 m, especially between 1,000 and 1,400 m; (3) Most are within 2,000 m of the Beichuan fault or within 1,000 m of other major faults; (4) most failures occurred from the T₁f + t formation in the study area. The geo-hazards status quo of Ganxi Valley provides foundation for the scheme of hazard reducing in the future.     

印支运动对济阳坳陷构造形态形成演化的影响

三叠纪中期至侏罗纪早期的印支运动动力来源于华北板块与扬子板块的聚敛,聚敛作用形成巨大的NE-SW向挤压力首先导致济阳坳陷北西向压性构造的形成,产生了一系列NW向褶皱隆起带及其伴生的宽缓向斜,其次在对济阳盆地产生多处NW向挤压逆冲构造,伴之以褶皱构造。印支运动还造成本区地势起伏不平,剥蚀程度差异还导致相对隆起区与相对低洼区相间排列,上古生界保留较完整。     

方钢管混凝土柱的三维非线性分析

本文建立了一个三维非线性有限元计算模型,旨在用来准确,有效地分析钢－混凝土组合结构,其中混凝土材料模型在于亚弹性亚弹性正交异性理论,采用Ｓａｒｇｉｎ的非线性应力－应变方程表达以及拉伸,压缩破坏面,钢单元采用等向强化的Ｖｏｎ Ｍｉｓｅｓ弹塑性模型,试验和计算比较表明该计算模型是一个比较简单但准确,有效的模型。     

浙西里垄正长岩SIMS锆石U Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

江山—绍兴断裂带内发育的新元古代岩浆岩,对理解江南造山带新元古代构造演化以及Rodinia超大陆聚合与裂解有重要意义。本文首次报道了浙西里垄正长岩的SIMS锆石U Pb年龄、全岩地球化学研究结果。里垄正长岩具有较高的SiO2（平均值为5965%）,低的镁铁质含量（FeOT和MgO平均值分别为406%和141%）;Na2O/K2O值介于327~534,平均为446;铝饱和指数(A/CNK)介于085~094,具有钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩特征。正长岩富集K、Ba等大离子亲石元素,Th、Ce等高场强元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,与安第斯型钙碱性系列岩石基本一致;样品具有轻微Eu负异常,δEu平均值为082,指示有少量斜长石的结晶分异。正长岩锆石U Pb定年结果为8407±24 Ma,属于新元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。基于本次研究结果,里垄正长岩可能形成于古洋壳向西北俯冲后在扬子地块产生的大陆弧后环境,岩浆源区为下地壳。结合区域构造演化资料,本文提出840 Ma左右扬子与华夏仍未最终碰撞,新元古代中期浙皖赣相邻区一直处于古华南洋板块持续向扬子东南缘俯冲消减的构造环境,该体系可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件有关。     

论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系

论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系李勇（成都理工学院沉积地质研究所,成都６１００５９）关键词盆山耦合沉积响应地层标识造山作用成盆作用前陆盆地造山带大陆动力学是当今地球科学研究的前沿课题,造山带及其毗邻盆地是研究大陆构造的两个最重要的构造单元,因...     

光学探生仪研制

光学探生仪主要用于在地震等灾害造成的残垣断壁中快速、准确地寻找被困人员。因此,在研制光学探生仪时,必须充分考虑灾害救助现场的恶劣工作条件和对仪器的特殊要求。本文首先简要介绍了光学探生仪研究的有关情况,然后对光学探生仪主要部件的设计、选型和实验进行了详细研究,探讨研制先进、实用的光学探生仪的途径。这对我国探生仪研制工作具有借鉴意义。