冬春500hPa高度场与中国夏季降雨场的场相关分析

利用场相关理论，分析了中国大陆6－8月降水场与前期1－5月各月北半球500hPa高度切之间的关系，得到一些有意义的结果，并提出一种研究场与杨之间相关关系的长期天气预报思路和方法。     

Identifying spatio-temporal variation and controlling factors of chemistry in groundwater and river water recharged by reclaimed water at Huai River,North China

Reclaimed water is efficiently used to recover the dry river, but river water and groundwater may be impacted considering the water quality. Thus, it is critical to study the factors controlling water chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly from January to September in 2010, in Huai River (North China). And samples were analyzed for major 15 physio-chemical parameters. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 9 months are divided into two distinct groups, which show the clear temporal variation. In reclaimed water and river water, one group includes February, while the other includes other months. In shallow and deep groundwater, one group includes months from January to April, while the other encompasses others. Monitoring stations are classified into three groups. Group A with high value of ions and nitrogen (order: NH₄-N > NO₃-N > NO₂-N) includes reclaimed water and river water. Group B with moderate concentration and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NH₄-N > NO₂-N) includes all shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater. Group C with the low value and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NO₂-N > NH₄-N), includes two deep groundwater. Using multivariate analysis and ionic relationships, river water chemistry is found to be controlled by reclaimed water and evaporation process; chemistry in shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater, with type of Na–Ca(Mg)–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering. Additionally, reactions of nitrification, denitrification and cation exchange occur in the infiltration of reclaimed water; chemistry in the other deep groundwater, with type of Ca–Mg–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering and denitrification.     

高分七号卫星双波束激光测高仪在轨几何检校与试验验证

高分七号卫星装载了国内首台双波束对地观测激光测高仪,用于辅助两线阵光学相机实现1:1万立体测图.由于卫星发射时的振动及入轨后空间环境变化,激光测高仪在轨指向等参数相对于实验室标定值发生较大偏移,直接影响激光测高精度.针对高分七号双波束激光测高仪,本文提出了由粗到精的"两步法"在轨几何检校方案.首先,构建单波束激光在轨几...     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit,Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂–H₂O inclusions, and pure CO₂ inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO₂–H₂O to the NaCl–H₂O system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and ?117.5‰ to ?134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 36.320–37.428; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.210–15.495; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.     

渤海湾海河口区沉积物中某些有机组分的环境地球化学特征

河口沉积物中的有机物质和营养成分，部分直接来自陆源，部分则源于河口水体的生物化学作用。在有污染源的地区，水体携带着无机和有机污染物的微粒和某些洛于水的化学物质，它们在海水与河水混合的河口环境条件下发生沉淀；另一些溶解性的营养物质能促使浮游生物繁殖，这些生物死亡后也变为沉淀性的有机物质，致使底质状况恶化，在一定条件下会形成对海洋生物异常有害的腐泥。国内外关于利用底泥的有机组分来探讨河口水域有机污染状况的资料目前还较少，对衡量有机污染或海域富营养化程度的底泥测定项目也研究得很不够。通常只用底泥中的硫化物、有机碳(或COD)和氮等成分的含量来反映底质的状况，但由于海域自然环境状况不同，这些成分的背景含量也有很大的差异，往往难以对比。为对本河口区底泥中的有机组分的含量状况及其与有机污染的关系有较全面的了解，我们分析测定了河口区沉积物中的有机碳(TOC)，有机氮(TON)，总磷(TP)，腐植酸量(HA)、硫化物(S)，烧失量(IL)和阴离子表面活性剂(AS)等成分的含量。沉积物样品主要采于1984年5月。采样站位示于图1。根据站位设置的具体自然条件，可将调查区划分为三个区段：永定新河河口段，系指受潮汐影响的河段，包括A,B,C 和D站；大沽排污口区，系指天津南排污河河口段的E和11b站，以及海河防潮闸外侧的11a站；河口近岸海区，系指上述两区段站位以外的其他调查水域，包括北塘口、大沽口及其口外海域。对沉积物中的有机组分采用下列分析方法：有机碳——重格酸钾氧化法；有机氮——元素仪测定法；硫化物——腆量法；腐植酸——碱液提取法；阴离子表面活性剂——乙基紫光度法和原子吸收间接法(吴景阳等，1986 ；本集吴景阳等另文)；磷——比色法；烧失量——重量法。 本文着重讨论这些有机组分的含量分布特征及其规律。     

Tracing infiltration and recharge using stable isotope in Taihang Mt., North China

The groundwater in headwater region is an important recharge source for the adjacent mountain-front plain. In order to reveal the relationship among precipitation, soil water and groundwater, from June to September in 2004, stable isotopes (deuterium and oxygen-18) in precipitation and soil waters at the depths of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 cm were analyzed at two sites covered by black locust (Robinia Pseudoacia L.) (Site A) and grass predominated by Themeda triandra (T. japonica (Willd.) Tanaka) and Bothriochloa ischaemum (B. ischaemum (L.) Keng) (Site B) in an experimental catchment at Taihang Mt., North China, respectively. The δ¹⁸O of precipitation in daily rain events shows large variations (−13.3 to −4.3‰) with a mean of 8.1‰. The δ¹⁸O and δ D of soil waters along profiles in two sites suggest that the influence of canopy cover was just up to 10 cm in top soil water. The soil water moved over the zero flux plane at 70 cm in-depth is expected to escape the evaporative effect at the end of September in both sites. The results show that the stable isotope, instead of tritium as tradition, can be used to trace the soil water behaviors based on the movement of isotopic peak along the vertical profiles in this semi-arid and semi-humid mountainous region. The infiltration depths of soil water in Taihang Mt. are 12 and 10 mm/day from June to September in 2004 in Site A and Site B, respectively. Tracing by stable isotope, recharge fluxes of soil water to local groundwater are of 3.8 and 3.2 mm/day in Site A and Site B, respectively. The results provide desirable information for assessment of local groundwater resources. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Examining human heat stress with remote sensing technology

Heat stress as an environmental hazard which can seriously affect productivity, health, or even survival of individuals has long been studied. Despite the endeavors that have been made to address the issue quantitatively with various heat stress indices, they are often measured at scatter sites. This research devotes to revealing human heat stress within continuous space with remote sensing technology. The study began with the retrieval of dry-bulb temperature from land surface temperature (LST) with empirical models. As wet-bulb temperature was calculated from dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity, discomfort index (DI) as an indicator of heat stress was revealed for the study area at 1 km spatial resolution for three summer days. Results indicated that DI can be derived within continuous space with remotely sensed data, and its spatial distribution can be dramatically affected by relative humidity. Further comparison between DI and LST indicated that LST as a widely utilized indicator of surface thermal condition fails to address human heat stress as environmental factors such as relative humidity are not taken into account.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000429

The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits are: (1) a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the formation of the deposits; (2) fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and (3) the timing of sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan (Gansu), Yangliuping (Sichuan), Kalatongke (Xinjiang), and Hongqiling (Jilin). Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes, intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which would provide guidelines for further exploration.     

Global water vapor content decreases from 2003 to 2012: An analysis based on MODIS data

Water vapor in the earth′s upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in the radiative balance, hydrological process, and climate change. Based on the latest moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) data, this study probes the spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content in the past decade. It is found that overall the global water vapor content declined from 2003 to 2012(slope b = –0.0149, R = 0.893, P = 0.0005). The decreasing trend over the ocean surface(b = –0.0170, R = 0.908, P = 0.0003) is more explicit than that over terrestrial surface(b = –0.0100, R = 0.782, P = 0.0070), more significant over the Northern Hemisphere(b = –0.0175, R = 0.923, P = 0.0001) than that over the Southern Hemisphere(b = –0.0123, R = 0.826, P = 0.0030). In addition, the analytical results indicate that water vapor content are decreasing obviously between latitude of 36°N and 36°S(b = 0.0224, R = 0.892, P = 0.0005), especially between latitude of 0°N and 36°N(b = 0.0263, R = 0.931, P = 0.0001), while the water vapor concentrations are increasing slightly in the Arctic regions(b = 0.0028, R = 0.612, P = 0.0590). The decreasing and spatial variation of water vapor content regulates the effects of carbon dioxide which is the main reason of the trend in global surface temperatures becoming nearly flat since the late 1990 s. The spatio-temporal variations of water vapor content also affect the growth and spatial distribution of global vegetation which also regulates the global surface temperature change, and the climate change is mainly caused by the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system. A big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content, vegetation and temperature at large spatio-temporal scale. This comprehensive examination of water vapor changes promises a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.     

银额盆地石板泉西石炭系白山组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其环境意义

对银额盆地石板泉西石炭系白山组碳酸盐岩进行详细的地球化学分析,探讨各特征元素对古环境、古气候的指示意义。地球化学测试结果显示：除样品CH3外,其余样品主量元素中的Al及微量元素中的Ti、Zr、Th等典型陆源特征元素的含量较低,Y/Ho平均值为45.58,反映研究区白山组碳酸盐岩较少受陆源物质输入的影响;δCe与δEu、w（ΣREE）、（La/Sm）_N未见良好的相关性,也不具备Eu正异常,说明研究区白山组碳酸盐岩受成岩作用和热液作用的影响也较为有限。碳酸盐岩中所含微量元素主要为海水自生成因,能够反映原始沉积环境。根据特征元素对古水深、古盐度、古气候、古氧相和古水温进行研究,显示研究区白山组碳酸盐岩段虽然岩性较为单一,但其地球化学特征可以反映早晚的沉积古环境差异。研究区白山组碳酸盐岩总体经历了1个大的海侵海退旋回,沉积于正常海水,气候潮湿,弱氧化—弱还原环境,古水温为8.51~27.10℃,早期水温低,晚期水温升高。