Outer wave number spectrum and statistical distribution of apparent wave number vector

Based on the ray theory and Longuet-Higgins’s linear model of sea waves, the joint distribution of wave envelope and apparent wave number vector is established. From the joint distribution, we define a new concept, namely the outer wave number spectrum, to describe the outer characteristics of ocean waves. The analytical form of the outer wave number spectrum, the probability distributions of the apparent wave number vector and its components are then derived. The outer wave number spectrum is compared with the inner wave number spectrum for the average status of wind-wave development corresponding to a peakness factor P = 3. Discussions on the similarity and difference between the outer wave number spectrum and inner one are also presented in the paper.     

Algorithm for HF radar vector current measurements

A new algorithm is proposed, called the stream function method (SFM) for producing vector current maps from radial data measured by dual-site high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). In SFM, a scalar stream function is constructed under some oceanographic assumptions. The function describes the two-dimensional (2-D) ocean surface water motion and is used to obtain the distribution of vector currents. The performance of SFM is evaluated using simulated radial data, which demonstrates that SFM has advantages over typical vectorial combination methods (VCM) both in error acceptance and robustness, and excels another method based on least-squares fitting (LSF) in recovering the complicated current models. Furthermore, SFM is capable of providing the total currents based on radials from single-site radar. We also test the assumptions of horizontal non-divergence in the simulation. The new algorithm is applied to the field experiment data of Wuhan University’s ocean state measuring and analyzing radar (OSMAR), collected in the coastal East China Sea during April 11–17, 2004. Quantitative comparisons are given between radar results by three current algorithms and in-situ current meter measurements. Preliminary analysis of the vertical current shear is given based on the current meter measurements.     

Digital preprocessing techniques for GLORIA II sonar images

Image processing techniques are discussed that correct distortions in GLORIA II side scan sonar imagery including water column offset, slant-range distortion, multiple returns, aspect ratio, speckle noise, striping, and cross-track power drop-off. The software operates within NASA's ELAS image processing system and is applied to the original 12-bit GLORIA II data. Procedures are discussed for generating large scale mosaics and three-dimensional overlays with sea floor bathymetry. The results are shown in four sonographs acquired off the southern coast of California.     

Studies on marine nanodiatoms in Fujian coastal waters of China in winter

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济州岛附近海域表层沉积物中的颗石及其古海洋学

对济州岛附近海域表层沉积物中的颗石进行研究,共发现40个种。根据对颗石进行多元统计分析的结果,可将本区划为两个环境区、两个颗石组合。提出海流是控制本区颗石分布的主要因素。     

鲁苏榴辉岩套的特征及其动力学演化

鲁苏榴辉岩套以广泛分布各类榴辉岩、密切伴生石榴石橄榄岩、石榴石麻粒岩等高压岩石组合 ,普遍发育韧性变形带 ,大量出露燕山晚期碱性花岗岩及深源脉岩为特征。它已经历三迭纪早期华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞事件、大陆逆掩推覆构造事件及后期白垩纪早期开始的大陆伸展构造事件 ,是我国华南陆块与华北陆块之间的重要过渡单元。     

海底天然气水合物的地震资料处理与分析

介绍了利用多道反射地震资料，采用反射振幅随炮检距变化AVO（Ampltude versus Offset)技术和其他地震正、反演方法，通过研究地震剖面上的拟海底反射层（BSR）分布、地震弹性参数特征，来探讨BSR上、下方含天然气水合物沉积层和含游离气沉积层的内部结构和某些主要物理性质，如沉积物的空隙率、天然气水合物的饱和度等，由此来评估海底天然气水合物的资源前景并研究其成矿机制。     

九州西侧海域129°E断面的流速和温盐结构特征

根据中、日合作黑潮调查研究期间（1987－1993年）在九州西侧海域获得的水文资料，计算了129°E断面的地转流速和流量。着重提出129°E断面北侧存在一支较稳定的西向流；分析这支西向流的去向，指出它是向对马暖流输送黑潮水的重要途径；给出了这支西向流及黑潮通过该断面的流速、流轴、流幅及流量的变化特征。     

厌氧沉积中有孔虫组合特征

厌氧沉积的有孔虫组合中,底栖有孔虫主要由Bolivina诸种和Buliminella tenuata组成,同时含有少量厌氧标志种Suggrunda eckisi;浮游有孔虫中以Globigerrina bulloides和G.quingueloba为数较多。底栖有孔虫与浮游有孔虫数量相比,浮游有孔虫数量很少。     

渤海湾海河口区阴离子表面活性剂的环境地球化学

随着石油化学工业的发展，由石油裂解产物制成的合成洗涤剂的产量正在飞速增长。1960年到1972年，我国合成洗涤剂产量增长了16倍，1984年年产量已达70多万吨，而且近年来有更大的增长趋势。一般的洗衣粉约含20%的表面活性物质，其余主要是增净剂(如磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐)等。表面活性剂根据其在水溶液中显示出的离子特性，可分为阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂等四类。我国生产的合成洗涤剂以阴离子型为主，占总产量的70%以上。 合成洗涤剂的广泛应用产生了一系列环境污染问题，特别是对水生生物的影响和危害已引起人们的关注。目前，国内外对此问题正从以下几方面开展研究：(1)大量洗涤剂排入水体产生泡沫层并消耗溶解氧而引起的水质和底质的恶化；(2)表面活性剂本身对生物的急性和慢性的致毒效应；(3)表面活性剂的界面活性作用所引起的水环境中污染物界面交换过程的变化，以及由此而产生的生物效应；(4)洗涤剂中的增净剂等成分所引起的水质富营养化等。 另一方面，我们也注意到，不仅大量生活和工业用洗涤剂随废水进入河口浅海区后对生态环境的影响值得重视，而且研究其在河口区的地球化学特征，显然能为河口海域环境特征及污染状况的研究提供重要的信息。然而国内尚未见有我国河口海域阴离子洗涤剂含量分布的任何资料。在国外虽然有过这方面工作的某些报道(Ambe, 1973; Gagnon,1983)，但以河口水体、底泥及其诸环境因素作为一个整体来考察阴离子表面活性剂的行为及其环境意义的工作还属罕见。为此，我们研究拟定了简便快速测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法，结合海河口有机污染的调查，进行了这方面的研究工作。