A Method for Alpine Wetland Delineation and Features of Border: Zoigê Plateau,China

Accurate wetland delineation is the basis of wetland definition and mapping, and is of great importance for wetland management and research. The Zoigê Plateau on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was used as a research site for research on alpine wetland delineation. Several studies have analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern and dynamics of these alpine wetlands, but none have addressed the issues of wetland boundaries. The objective of this work was to discriminate the upper boundaries of alpine wetlands by coupling ecological methods and satellite observations. The combination of Landsat 8 images and supervised classification was an effective method for rapid identification of alpine wetlands in the Zoigê Plateau. Wet meadow was relatively stable compared with hydric soils and wetland hydrology and could be used as a primary indicator for discriminating the upper boundaries of alpine wetlands. A slope of less than 4.5° could be used as the threshold value for wetland delineation. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) in 434 field sites showed that a threshold value of 0.3 could distinguish grasslands from emergent marsh and wet meadow in September. The median normalized difference water index(NDWI) of emergent marsh remained more stable than that of wet meadow and grasslands during the period from September until July of the following year. The index of mean density in wet meadow zones was higher than the emergent and upland zones. Over twice the number of species occurred in the wet meadow zone compared with the emergent zone, and close to the value of upland zone. Alpine wetlands in the three reserves in 2014 covered 1175.19 km2 with a classification accuracy of 75.6%. The combination of ecological methods and remote sensing technology will play an important role in wetland delineation at medium and small scales. The correct differentiation between wet meadow and grasslands is the key to improving the accuracy of future wetland delineation.     

古地理环境对火山喷发样式的影响:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东部下二叠统风城组为例*

自然界中,火山的喷发样式常因岩浆或周围环境的变化而发生转换。为了探索沉积盆地古地理环境对古代火山喷发样式的可能影响,文中利用地震、钻测井及岩心资料,厘定准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷东部下二叠统风城组古地理环境及火山岩的分布;利用岩心和薄片观察、扫描电镜、元素地球化学、电子探针等技术,对取心段火山岩岩石类型、岩石组合和地球化学特征开展了研究。结果表明:(1)取心段火山岩发育4种岩石类型和3种岩石组合,射气岩浆喷发和岩浆喷发2种火山喷发样式类型;(2)射气岩浆喷发以发育熔积岩,具面包皮结构、熔结结构、熔结珍珠结构的熔结凝灰岩和增生火山砾为特征,而岩浆喷发以胶结增生火山砾而形成含增生火山砾熔岩为特征;(3)火山口古地理环境的演化控制着火山喷发样式的类型及其转换,进而影响喷发产物的特征:古地理环境为水下环境时,足量的水和上升的高温岩浆相互作用发生射气岩浆喷发;古地理环境变为陆上时,岩浆发生溢流式岩浆喷发。取心段古地理环境变化的主要原因可能是喷发产物在火山口附近的堆积或季节性气候变化引起的湖平面变化;(4)古地理环境对古代火山喷发的样式类型、喷发过程、喷发产物特征具有重要影响,这可以为盆地中火山岩成因分析和喷发过程重建提供新的视角,为火山岩油气藏的精细勘探开发提供新的思路。     

雷达数据辅助下的滑坡易发性评价

岩土体含水量对滑坡,尤其是土质滑坡的稳定性具有极大的影响。本文以三峡库区秭归段内土质滑坡作为研究对象,利用Sentinel-1雷达数据反演地表岩土体含水量来替代传统的湿度指数因子,在保持其他因子不变的情况下,构建二元逻辑回归模型进行滑坡易发性评价。结果表明,利用成功率曲线对结果进行分析,采用岩土体含水量因子时预测精度达到80.2%,高于采用地形湿度指数的77.2%。利用雷达数据反演得到的岩土体含水量代替地形湿度指数进行滑坡易发性评价精度较高、预测能力较强。     

用泻利盐矿和卤水制备硫酸镁工艺探究

以盐田泻利盐矿和卤水为原料,通过兑卤、热溶、结晶法制备硫酸镁。探究了各工艺因素对产物收率及纯度的影响,找到了较佳的工艺条件;在此基础上进行粗镁精制,得到纯度99%以上的硫酸镁。     

中朝地台东北缘3km深度地震层析成像的地质解释

利用本区丰富的地质,人工地震探测资料,对３ｋｍ深度层析成象成果进行了分析对比,结果表明：（１）３Ｋｍ深度速度值与人工地震探测所获地震波速值吻合较好;（２）３ｋｍ深度速度分布与该深度处的岩石介质分布有较好的对应关系,高速区对应地层主要为太古界－下元古界变质岩和地槽区的古生界浅变质岩,低速区对应主要为中生界火山,碎屑岩,燕山期花岗岩体和盖层性质的中元古－古代界沉积岩。（３）层析成象结果可划分深度不同的     

黔中息烽磷矿床成矿环境、成矿作用及成矿模式探讨*

息烽磷矿是贵州地区震旦纪陡山沱期磷矿的重要组成部分,以矿层厚、品位高、断裂构造发育、叠层石丰富而独具特色。通过对矿床地质特征及矿床地球化学特征综合研究认为,从陡山沱组底到顶气候经历温湿—干热—湿热变化,海平面对应经历了海进—海退—海进,其内的磷块岩和磷质岩是在热水沉积作用、生物作用和正常海水沉积作用等共同作用下形成于前滨—临滨环境。综合以上,反演息烽陡山沱期成矿过程,发现矿床经历了“海进—海退—海进”三阶段成矿,在陡山沱早期海进阶段形成下矿层,随后的海退阶段和海进阶段形成上矿层。空间上,2矿层之间夹白云岩,且交于靠黔中古陆一侧,当第2次海进越过第1次海进的前滨—临滨位置后,只形成上矿层,是开阳、息烽磷矿床1层矿体形成的对应部位。瓮福磷矿床有2层矿体,对应处于经历了“三阶段成矿”的前滨—临滨部位,且瓮福磷矿成矿时的位置高程明显低于息烽磷矿、息烽磷矿略低于开阳磷矿,通过岩性特征对比,与实际基本吻合。因此,在对陡山沱期的磷矿进行成矿预测和找矿勘查中,与息烽磷矿床相似的黔中及附近区域的动态前滨—临滨环境,均为磷矿床的找矿靶区,利用“三阶段成矿”形成相交的2矿层特点,可高效对已知矿床、矿化点和前滨—临滨带周围进行成矿预测。     

论城市地理信息系统的标准化问题

本文阐述了城市地理信息系统标准化的必要性,国内外城市地理信息系统标准的研制现状,城市地理信息系统标准化的基本原则及城市地理信息系统标准化设计等几项内容,旨在和读者达成共识;建设城市地理信息系统时,必须注重标准化设计。且文中给出了与城市地理信息系统相关的标准,供读者参考。     

海床基海洋环境自动监测系统

本文介绍８６３－８１８支持研究的最新成果“海床基海洋环境自动监测系统”的功能、特点及关键技术、海底基海洋环境自动监测系统是一种在海底工作的、自容式综合测量装置,它可布设于河口、港湾或者近海海底,对悬浮泥沙参数以及引起悬浮泥沙运移的海洋动力参数进行长期,同步、自动测量。为分析研究各种海洋动力条件下特别是大风浪条件下悬浮泥沙的运移规律提供资料。它对于海洋工程建设、航道疏浚、海港整治下水管缆铺设,海上安     

Adaptability of ESR dating of fault gouge in aseismic region: A case study on Hangzhou region, China

ESR dating has been widely used in seismic assessment. In this paper, we collected fault gouge samples systematically for ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) dating, and sediment samples of overlying strata, and offset strata for OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating along Xiaoshan-Qiuchuan fault (XQF) trending NE-SW, Xiaofeng-Sanmen fault (XSF) trending NW-SE, and Changhua-Putuo fault (CPF) trending E-W. In the same fault outcrop, the ESR data of fault gouge is greater than the OSL data of the strata of...