东秦岭地区“刘岭群”的重新划分

东秦岭地区原划为泥盆系的“刘岭群”被一条大型韧性推覆剪切带分为南北两个岩系,北部岩系为一套中浅变质的以杂砂岩为主,夹火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩和含陆缘砂碳酸盐岩的沉积-火山建造,其中紧闭、倒转、平卧褶皱和逆冲断层极为发育,沉积学特征及物源分析显示其为早古生代末-晚古生代初华北板块南缘活动大陆边缘沉积;南部岩系为一套由浅变质的粉砂岩、泥质岩、石英砂岩和碳酸盐岩组成的巨厚陆源碎屑沉积,发育东西向陡倾劈理及开阔对称褶皱组成的复式褶皱,沉积学特征和物源分析表明其为晚古生代初期扬子板块北缘沉积。“刘岭群”两岩系的岩性组合、沉积学特征、变质作用、构造变形期次、生物化石特征及形成的大地构造环境等方面的差异足以划分为不同的岩群,“刘岭群”应予解体。     

The Datong earthquake and its anomalous tilt Field

ＴｈｅＤａｔｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅａｎｄｉｔｓａｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓｔｉｌｔｆｉｅｌｄＡｎ－ＦｕＮＩＵ（牛安福）；Ｙｉ－ＬｉｎＷＵ（吴翼麟）；Ｄｅ－ＦｕＣＨＥＮ（陈德福）ａｎｄＸｉａｏ－ＪｕｎＬＩ（李晓军）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｙ...     

森林对地表径流影响的模拟实验初探

采用室内模拟实验的方法,进行了有林地与无林地的地表径流模拟对比实验,得出森林能减少径流量、调节径流过程的初步结论.研究表明,用室内模拟实验的方法研究森林的水文效应是一条有效的途径.     

地震波场正演模拟中的有限单元方法

本文介绍了地震波场正演模拟中的有限单元方法。首先从粘弹性波动理论出发,推导了满足粘弹性介质的有限元方程,其次用不含阻尼矩阵的有限元方程模拟了地震记录。地表实例是自由界面的瑞雷面波。VSP记录有水平层、倾斜层;有零井源距和非零井源距;有线状和对称震源。 在程序中采用了超压缩存贮和分块计算措施,对降低有限元法要求计算机内存和运算速度的苛刻条件上做了有益的尝试。     

强夯震动影响的观测与评价

强夯震动的监测及其对周围建筑物影响的评价是建筑施工碰到的一个实际问题，本文给出强务震动的一些观测和研究结果。     

DILATION-CREEP MODEL OF EARTHQUAKE SOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE

The article has made a simple exposition of the dilation-creep modelof earthquake source development(abbreviated DC).Inelastic volumetricdilation of rock masses and fault creep are considered as two basic phys-ical processes in the DC model.The physical mechanism of precursors ofthe M=7.8 Tangshan earthquake has also been analysed and discussed inthis paper.The results show that the precursors of the Tangshan earth-quake were not caused by only one factor and the precursors observed in-and around the epicentral area prior to this earthquake can be grouped into three types.TypeⅠprecursors may be causally related to rock dilata-ncy.TypeⅡprecursors result from fault creep.TypeⅢprecursors maybe associated with some sort of upward migration of mass in the crust orthe upper mantle,and/or may be attributed to large scale stressing processaccommodated by some combination of stable slippage and discontinuousbrittle rupture(namely small earthquake)along the faults.It was sug-gested that repeated dilation and discontinuous creep occurred during theprocess of source development of the Tangshan earthquake and the prepa-ratory process of the Tangshan earthquake can be divided into the follo-wing six phases:elastic stress accumulation(from 1954 to 1967);earlyinelastic dilation(from 1968 to 1969);early fault creep(from 1970 to1973);the second dilation(from the end of 1973 to the first half of 1975);the second evident fault creep(from the second half of 1975 to the end ofApr.1976);and fault creep just before the main shock(from the end ofApr.1976 to the occurrence of the Tangshan earthquake).It is regardedhat the preparatory process of the Tangshan earthquake,as one of the intraplate events,may be controlled jointly by the upward migration ofdeep mass and large scale intraplate stress field.This characteristic prob-ably is different from that of earthquake along plate boundary.     

“三带”天气系统交会和引潮力共振对华北特大暴雨形成的影响

分析、研究华北和邻近的辽宁地区曾发生过的“58.7”、“63.8”、“75.8”和“30.8”等4次罕见特大暴雨,结果表明,它们的气象学成因都是由于热带、副热带、西风带三种不同性质的天气系统的特定配置,引起暖湿气流和干冷气流在本区交绥所致。而这些天气系统的特定配置又与引潮力共振的特定迭加有密切联系。尤其是在暴雨天气形势具备之后,如果华北继续遇引潮力共振减压的迭加,将触发罕见特大暴雨的发生。其中台风在影响本区时(假定台风登陆我国大陆时强度为35m/s),如遇一个引潮力共振减压,当天的最大日降水可达500mm左右;如一天内遇两个引潮力共振减压的迭加,则当天的最大日降水将达1000mm左右。     

Slope instability phenomena in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Permafrost covers a significant area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Slope instability problem in the region was often neglected, though it plays important roles in engineering construction and landform processes. In this paper, the slope instability phenomena in the permafrost regions on the plateau are discussed. The slope failures often occur in the forms of thaw-induced landslides and gelifluction. Thaw-induced landslides are closely related to active layer detachment and changes of permafrost conditions. Such landslides include retrogressive flow and thaw slump and are hazardous to engineering constructions. Gelifluction includes deep-seated movement and surface movement. It is an important factor in landform planation because it may spread over a large area and remain active for a long period of time.     

地震激发井深与品质因数的关系

通过对地震波在近地表附近双源传递机理的研究,论述了品质因数与激发井深的关系,并根据不同地区、不同品质因数,其地震波最大激发能量、最大信噪比与激发井深的关系曲线,给出了相应的激发深度.三维地震实例表明,地震波在近地表附近的双源传递与品质因数是选择地震波激发井深的重要因素,另外激发频率的增大,对激发井深的影响程度随之增大;观测同样频率的地震信号,存在小Q值地震波激发井深较大Q值激发井深相应变小的特点.     

基于数学优化方法的全站仪设站研究

文中提出了一种数学优化方法对大射电望远镜(Large Radio Telescope)LT5 m模型中用于跟踪测量的全站仪的站点坐标进行修正.目的是为了提高全站仪的设站精度,从而进一步提高其跟踪测量精度.实验表明,应用该方法使得全站仪的测量精度由原来的最大误差5 mm降低至最大误差为1 mm.达到了预期的目的.