HSR mechanisms and effects on the spatial structure of regional tourism in China

Chinese railway has entered the “HSR era”, while the structure of “four vertical and four horizontal” railways for transit passengers is almost completed. Taking the Beijing- Shanghai High-Speed Rail (hereinafter referred to as HSR) as an example, this paper first explores HSR’s effects on the spatial structure of regional tourist flows using the social network analysis. Next, it notes changes in the accessibility of regional transportation. After analyzing the factors including initial endowment of regional tourism resources, hospitality facilities, the density of the regional tourism transportation network, and locations, the paper discusses the mechanisms through which HSR affects regional tourist flows. The study shows the following: (1) HSR’s effects on the spatial structure of regional tourist flows are manifested through the Matthew effect, the filtering effect, the diffusion effect and the overlying effect, and (2) the Matthew effect of HSR is manifested under an obvious interaction of the location, the initial endowment of tourism resources, hospitality capacity, tourist transportation network density and “time-space compression”. The filtering effect of HSR is manifested for those tourism nodes without favorable location conditions, endowment of tourism resources, hospitality capacity, or tourist transportation network density and without obvious benefits from “time-space compression”. Those tourism nodes that boast advantages in terms of location condition, endowment of tourism resources, hospitality capacity, tourist transportation network density and obvious “time-space compression” will become sources for the diffusion effect. HSR will strengthen the aggregation effects of tourist flow in these diffusion sources, which will thereafter diffuse to peripheral tourist areas, manifesting “aggregation-diffusion”. HSR has overlapped tourists’ spatial traveling range over large-scale spaces. However, the overlying effect is only generated in those tourism nodes with a favorable location condition, an endowment of tourism resources, hospitality capacity, tourist transportation network density, and obvious “time-space compression”.     

测绘情结(下)——记中国科学院资深院士陈述彭先生

3 超越门户 1954年,他当时在中科院地理研究所,正值参加黄河流域规划,需要大比例尺地图.但当时国家测绘局还没有成立,没有可利用的地图,于是他就主持编绘我国的1∶25万地形图.他编的这套地形图与众不同,怎么不同呢?即山区的等高线是20米,而平原的等高线是2.5米.这在现在看来也都是难以理解的,其难度是很难想像的.因为他觉得,如果平原的等高线是20米的话,黄河口海拔是0米,郑州海拔为95米,整个华北平原也就三条等高线就够了,对经济建设和老百姓来说,根本不够用,于是他将平原的等高线改为2.5米.现在看来这是很古怪的一套图.     

物化探方法在寻找深部硫化铜矿中的应用——以赞比亚麻希巴矿床为例

物化探方法寻找隐伏矿床在国内外已得到广泛应用,赞比亚麻希巴矿床属卢弗利安穹隆构造成矿带上一典型层控矿床,赋矿层位为下罗恩群RL6泥岩片岩下部和RL7砂砾岩上部,矿体从浅至深具有氧化带-硫化带过度特点。为探索深部硫化铜矿体延伸情况,本文利用地球物理(激电极化法、高密度电阻率法和音频大地电磁法)和地球化学方法(土壤测量、偏提取测量),选择三条剖面进行物化探方法对比研究,物探结果显示硫化矿具有低阻(50～300Ω·m)、高幅频率(2.5%～8.0%)异常特征,高密度电阻率法和音频大地电磁法的电阻率等值线能较清晰地反映基底和RL7底部不含矿地层形态变化,对找矿有良好的指示作用;化探结果显示Cu元素相关元素为Ag、Bi,在沉积成矿过程中形成Cu-Ag-Bi元素组合,在近地表氧化矿呈"驼峰"高值异常,在深部硫化矿上方呈"偏锋"弱异常,偏提取显示Cu、Co、Bi元素主要是以第二相形式存在,在深部硫化矿上方呈"多锋"弱异常。在方法有效性试验结果的基础上,总结和建立了该矿床类型的地、物、化综合找矿模型,依据物化探异常圈定了深部找矿靶区,经后期钻探工程验证见到两层工业矿体,取得了较好的找矿效果。激电极化法...     

高考试题中地理时间思维的解析

地理时间思维是主观思维对客观地理事象时间存在及其特征的反映。依照地理事象历时变化与共时关联的存在形式,地理时间思维分为历时思维与共时思维。地理时间思维具有动态性、关联性、尺度性、预见性与时效性的特征。本文基于地理时间思维的基本内涵与特征表现,解析了近年高考文科综合能力测试(地理)全国卷中蕴含的时间思维及其特征的体现,意在通过地理时间思维的视野,对地理现象与地理问题形成不同层面的认识,促进与深化对地理“综合思维”的理解。     

Evaluating the Impact of Optical Axis Stability on Exoplanet Detection

For detecting exoplanets with high precision,using the angular distance between the two stars to detect the periodic motion of the star will be a better choice....     

Evidence for Palaeozoic magmatism recorded in the Late Neoproterozoic Marlborough ophiolite,New England Fold Belt,central Queensland

The ultramafic‐mafic complex in the Marlborough terrane of the northern New England Fold Belt is dominated by members of a Neoproterozoic (ca 560 Ma) ophiolite (V1). The ophiolite has been intruded by the products of three Palaeozoic tectonomagmatic episodes (V2, V3 and V4). The V2 magmatic episode is represented by tholeiitic and calc‐alkaline basalts and gabbros of island‐arc affinities. Sm/Nd isotopes give a whole‐rock isochron age of 380 ± 19 Ma (2σ) to this episode, some 180 million years younger than the V1 ophiolitic rocks. The V3 magmatic episode includes tholeiitic and alkali basalts with enriched geochemical signatures characteristic of intraplate volcanism. A whole‐rock Sm/Nd isochron age of 293 ± 35 Ma is obtained for this event. A fourth magmatic event (V4) is represented by basaltic andesites and siliceous intrusives with geochemical features similar to modern adakites. This event has its type locality in the Percy Isles. These data provide tectonic and geochronological constraints for the previously enigmatic Marlborough terrane and as such contribute to the ever‐evolving understanding of New England Fold Belt development.     

森林对地表径流影响的模拟实验初探

采用室内模拟实验的方法,进行了有林地与无林地的地表径流模拟对比实验,得出森林能减少径流量、调节径流过程的初步结论.研究表明,用室内模拟实验的方法研究森林的水文效应是一条有效的途径.     

Isotope tracers for deep-seated fluids and noble gases

The role of He and Ar isotopes in tracing the source of ore fluids has aroused great attention of the broad masses of the geological researchers. On the basis of lots of test and measurement of He and Ar isotopes in sulfides from Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits in northern China, statistics has been made on the published He and Ar isotope data from 27 gold deposits, 13 silver polymetallic ore deposits, 8 polymetallic ore deposits, 1 rare-earth deposit, 3 oceanic incrustations, 3 volcanic springs and their wall rocks and granites. The statistical results indicate that the 3 He/ 4 Ar (×10-6 ) values of the Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits are within the range of 0.24 9.39, with an average of 3.34×10-6 ; the He/Ar values, 0.007 6.01,with an average of 2.37; the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar values, 265.75 2361, with an average of 699.0; the 4 He/ 40 Ar values, 0.0020 643.86, with an average of 5.85, the 3 He/ 4 Ar (×10-6 ) values of gneiss and granite surrounding the mining area, 0.001 1.79, with an average of 1.00×10-6 , reflecting great differences in source. Mantle-source He in 48 Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits accounts for 4.55% 83.06%, averaging 29.91%. It falls near the mantle-source region which can be seen in the He isotopic concentration diagram and the 3 He/ 4 He(R/Ra) 40 Ar/ 36 Ar plot. Studies suggested that the ore-forming materials for endogenic Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits should be derived from the deep interior of the Earth, and with the multi-stage evolution of mantle plumes the deep-seated ore fluids would be transported from the deep interior of the Earth to the shallow levels. During this process the mixing of crust/mantle-source fluids would inevitably occur, therefore, the value range always lies between the mantle and the crust.