Modeling urban metabolism of Beijing city,China: with a coupled system dynamics: emergy model

Chinese cities are plagued by the rise in resource and energy input and output over the last decade. At the same time, the scale and pace of economic development sweeping across Chinese cities have revived the debate about urban metabolisms, which could be simply seen as the ratio of output to resource and energy input in urban systems. In this study, an emergy (meaning the equivalent solar energy) accounting, sustainable indices of urban metabolisms, and an urban metabolic system dynamics model, are developed in support of the research task on Chinese cities ‘metabolisms and their related policies. The dynamic simulation model used in the paper is capable of synthesizing component-level knowledge into system behavior simulation at an integrated level, which is directly useful for simulating and evaluating a variety of decision actions and their dynamic consequences. For the study case, interactions among a number of Beijing’s urban emergy components within a time frame of 20 years (from 2010 to 2030) are examined dynamically. Six alternative policy scenarios are implemented into the system simulation. Our results indicate that Beijing’s current model of urban metabolism—tertiary industry oriented development mode—would deliver prosperity to the city. However, the analysis also shows that this mode of urban metabolism would weaken urban self-support capacity due primarily to the large share of imported and exported emergy in the urban metabolic system. The keys of improving the efficiency of urban metabolism include the priority on the renewable resource and energy, increase in environmental investment and encouragement on innovative technologies of resource and energy utilization, et al.     

冀西石湖地区多金属矿床成矿流体氦氩碳氢氧同位素特征及地质意义

石湖地区金、银多金属矿床位于太行山中北段,产出于太古界阜平群变质岩系,燕山期麻棚岩体的周边。本文以石湖地区代表性矿床为例,根据多金属矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体中He、Ar同位素及与黄铁矿共生的石英流体包裹体中C、H、O同位素组成,探讨了石湖地区金、银多金属矿床成矿流体来源。分析结果表明石湖地区金、银多金属矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体中3He/4He介于0.43~2.40 Ra,40Ar/36Ar介于477~879,显示出本区金、银多金属矿床的成矿流体为地幔流体与地壳流体混合的产物。石英包裹体中δDV-SMOW介于-62‰~-105‰,δ18OV-SMOW介于9.6‰~13.8‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合;δ13CPDB介于-3.5‰~-5.0‰,表明矿区成矿热液来自地幔。氢、氧、碳同位素体系与氦、氩同位素体系的示踪具有一致性,均显示出石湖地区金、银多金属矿床成矿流体为地幔流体与地壳流体混合的产物。     

塔河油田奥陶系生物扰动型储集层的三维重构及启示意义*

塔河油田奥陶系鹰山组和一间房组生物扰动型储集层发育。在岩心观测的基础上,通过典型岩样切片、偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜和X射线显微镜观测以及XRD测试分析,对研究区奥陶系生物扰动型储集层的发育特征进行了研究。研究区奥陶系可识别的生物扰动分为2类,分别是 Thalassinoides和Helminthopsis,但以Thalassinoides最为发育,扰动体积可达90%;生物潜穴充填物以白云石颗粒为主,可达90%以上;宿主围岩为泥晶灰岩。随着塔河油田早—中奥陶世海侵、海退沉积环境的变化,生物潜穴的发育呈现出明显的周期性演化规律。在综合提取生物扰动型储集层特征信息的基础上,以沉积学和遗迹学理论为指导,应用3ds Max软件对研究区奥陶系生物扰动型储集层进行了三维重构。该研究虚拟再现了塔河油田生物扰动型储集层的内部结构与微观特征,不仅为后续研究这类储集层的宏观非均质性与微观各向异性、定量表征该类储集层微观尺度上的渗流特征奠定了基础,而且还为完善塔河油田奥陶系油藏模型提供了一种新思路。     

Study on Environmental and Hydrological Effects of Thermokarst Lakes in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Thermokarst lake is the most visible morphologic landscape developing during the process of permafrost degradation, and it is still an international hot topic in permafrost research. The climate warming, and the consequent degradation of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau aggravate thermokarst lake development. The permafrost is normally considered as an aquiclude, and the permafrost degradation, especially when the permafrost is completely thawed by a thermokarst lake, might influence regional ground water. Therefore, a research program focusing on environmental and hydrological effects of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The work proposed by the application includes: To analysis the spatial and temporal distribution rule of thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) under the climate change and engineering activities, and to evaluate the ecological environment effects through remote sensing and field investigation; to reveal the main factors influencing a typical thermokarst lake and its hydrothermal condition, and to elucidate the conversion relationship between the thermokarst lake and the groundwater with hydrological and isotope tracer tests; to make an analysis of the influences of different lake stage and size on regional permafrost, hydrological conditions and ecological environment through numerical simulation and statistical modelling, considering the relationships between the thermokarst lake and the ground water level. The research results will help to accurately assess regional permafrost ecological environment evolution and trend prediction, and to reasonably understand the impact factors of the permafrost hydrological evolution and its response mechanism to the ecological environment in the river source regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the research status analysis, the main research contents, research objectives and prospects were introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers.     

河口湾水动力环境对滩涂利用的累积响应——以珠江口伶仃洋为例

为揭示河口湾水动力环境对滩涂利用的累积响应过程,以珠江口伶仃洋河口湾为例,基于潮波数学模型和潮流数学模型,研究了1981年以来湾内进出潮量、分潮振幅和潮流流速的累积变化。结果表明:相对于1981年,2018年岸线条件下伶仃洋湾口断面涨落潮量累积减少4.9%~6.0%、内伶仃断面涨落潮量累积减少9.0%~12.8%、深圳湾断面涨落潮量累积减少17.8%、南沙断面涨落潮量累积减少5.0%~6.3%;伶仃洋M₂分潮振幅呈增加趋势,振幅增幅由南向北增加,潮波由南向北变形进一步加剧;伶仃洋最大可能潮差变化与M₂分潮振幅变化趋势一致,潮汐性质没有发生变化;伶仃洋潮流流速总体减小,西岸流速减幅高于东岸,湾顶附近流速略有增加。     

Connotation and Evaluation Index System of Beautiful China for SDGs

The construction of Beautiful China is the vital way to realize ecological civilization and build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a new goal and a good vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind. This work deeply analyzed the historical evolution of the "Beautiful China" thought, its relationship with sustainable development and ecological civilization, and expounded the scientific connotation and key evaluation dimension of "Beautiful China". At the same time, the evaluation index system based on the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and supported by multi-source data such as Big Earth Data, network data and statistical data was constructed to provide reference for the evaluation of “Beautiful China”. The research showed that: \mathrm{①} The essence of Beautiful China is a complex “areal system of man-land relationship” composed of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems; \mathrm{②} “Blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony” are the perfect interpretations of the construction of Beautiful China; \mathrm{③} The work builds a comprehensive index system of “Beautiful China” from the aspects of “blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony”. The index system consists of 13 specific targets and 43 specific evaluation indicators.     

一种基于重叠区指数化互相关和优化Dijkstra算法的航摄影像镶嵌线选取方法#br#

航摄影像因含有丰富的地理信息而成为实用的可视化产品和决策工具。通常需要将多幅航摄影像沿镶嵌线拼接才能覆盖研究区域,因此如何选取最优航摄影像镶嵌线具有研究意义。本文提出了一种新颖的航摄影像镶嵌线选取方法。首先构造一种指数化互相关方法,高质量地表达航摄影像重叠对应区域的错位程度;其次优化Dijkstra算法,在重叠区找出错位差异最小的路径作为航摄影像镶嵌线;最后使用两组来自城市和城镇区域的航摄影像将本文方法与相关方法进行对比,结果表明使用本文方法获取的镶嵌线穿越更少的独立地物且用时更短。     

西风带和南亚季风对三江源雨季水汽输送及降水的影响

为了进一步明确西风带和南亚季风对三江源流域的水汽输送作用及对流域降水的影响,利用ERA-20C再分析数据集对三江源流域1948-2010年雨季水汽通量场进行经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF）分解,得到可表征西风带和南亚季风水汽输送在三江源流域强弱关系的经验正交函数模态及指标,揭示当西风带和南亚季风分别控制流域时的水汽输送和降水分布规律。结果表明:西风带控制流域水汽输送时,流域内部水汽输送方向为由西北向东南,西风带和南亚季风在流域南边界附近汇集,流域东部及南部（澜沧江源区大部,黄河源区东部）降水显著增加;南亚季风控制流域水汽输送时,流域内部水汽输送方向为由南向北,两支水汽输送路径在流域以北汇集,流域北部（长江源区大部,黄河源区偏北部）降水显著增加。西风带和南亚季风的水汽输送均对三江源流域具有重要作用,两支水汽输送路径分别控制流域时可引起流域内部不同区域降水的显著增加。     

Hawking radiation and thermodynamics of a Vaidya-Bonner black hole

Using Parikh’s tunneling method,the Hawking radiation on the apparent horizon of a Vaidya-Bonner black hole is calculated.When the back-reaction of particles is neglected,the thermal spectrum can be precisely obtained.Then,the black hole thermodynamics can be calculated successfully on the apparent horizon.When a relativistic perturbation is applied to the apparent horizon,a similar calculation can also lead to a purely thermal spectrum.The first law of thermodynamics can also be derived successfully at the...     

Effects of spatio-temporal and environmental factors on distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy Engraulis japonicus in central and southern Yellow Sea

We investigated the spatio-temporal and environmental factors that affect the distribution and abundance of wintering anchovy and quantifi es the infl uences of these factors. Generalized additive models(GAMs) were developed to examine the variation in species distribution and abundance with a set of spatiotemporal and oceanographic factors, using data collected by bottom trawl surveys and remote sensing in the central and southern Yellow Sea during 2000–2011. The fi nal model accounted for 28.21% and 41.03% of the variance in anchovy distribution and abundance, respectively. The results of a two-step GAM showed that hour, longitude, latitude, temperature gradient(TGR), and chlorophyll a(Chl- a) concentration best explained the anchovy distribution(presence/absence) and that a model including year, longitude, latitude, depth, sea surface temperature(SST), and TGR best described anchovy abundance(given presence). Longitude and latitude were the most important factors affecting both distribution and abundance, but the area of high abundance tended to be east and south of the area where anchovy were most likely to be present. Hour had a signifi cant effect on distribution, but year was more important for anchovy abundance, indicating that the anchovy catch ratio varied across the day but abundance had an apparent interannual variation. With respect to environmental factors, TGR and Chl- a concentration had effects on distribution, while depth, SST, and TGR affected abundance. Changes in SST between two successive years or between any year and the 2000–2011 mean were not associated with changes in anchovy distribution or abundance. This fi nding indicated that short- and long-term water temperature changes during 2000–2011 were not of suffi cient magnitude to give rise to variation in wintering anchovy distribution or abundance in the study area. The results of this study have important implications for fi sheries management.