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981.
982.
The present investigation examines possible optical counterparts to 130 X-ray sources in the region of the α Persei open cluster (d ∽ 170pc, age ∽ 50 Myr) resulting from the analysis of three 22–25 ksec ROSAT PSPC pointings. In the same manner as for 73 X-ray sources from a raster survey in α Per (Prosser & Randich 1998), CCD photometry is employed to obtain magnitudes and colors for stars/objects close to the X-ray positions, with additional echelle and low-dispersion Hα spectra provided for some stars. For almost 60 X-ray sources, an optical counterpart with photometry acceptable for cluster membership is identified, some of which can be excluded from membership on the basis of discrepant radial velocity or X-ray characteristics. On the order of 30 new members or likely members associated with X-ray sources have been identified based on available data. A photometric rotation period has been obtained for one rapid rotator identified in X-rays. 相似文献
983.
Sections up to 3·5 m deep cut through the upper rectilinear segment of relict, vegetated talus slopes at the foot of the Trotternish escarpment reveal stacked debris-flow deposits intercalated with occasional slopewash horizons and buried organic soils. Radiocarbon dating of buried soil horizons indicates that reworking of sediment by debris flows predates 5·9–5·6 Cal ka BP , and has been intermittently active throughout the late Holocene. Particle size analyses of 18 bulk samples from these units indicates that c. 27–30 per cent of the talus deposit is composed of fine (<2 mm) sediment. Sedimentological comparison with tills excludes a glacigenic origin for the talus debris, and the angularity of constituent clasts suggests that in situ weathering has been insignificant in generating fine material. We conclude that the fine sediment within the talus is derived primarily by granular weathering of the rockwall, with syndepositional accumulation of both fine and coarse debris, implying that c. 27–30 per cent of rockwall retreat since deglaciation reflects granular weathering rather than rockfall. The abundance of fines within the talus deposits is inferred to have been of critical importance in facilitating build-up of porewater pressures during rainstorms, leading to episodic failure and flow of debris on the upper parts of the slope. A wider implication of these findings is that the mechanical properties of talus slopes cannot be regarded as those of free-draining accumulations of coarse clasts, and that models that treat talus slopes as such have limited value in explaining their form and evolution. Our findings lend support to models that envisage the upper straight slope on talus accumulations as the product of mass-transport as well as rockfall, and indicate that episodic debris flow has been the primary agent of mass-transport at this site. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
984.
Pavel E. Tarasov Rachid Cheddadi Joel Guiot Sytze Bottema Odile Peyron Jordina Belmonte Vittoria Ruiz-Sanchez Fatima Saadi Simon Brewer 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(4):335-344
An objective method for the assignment of pollen spectra to appropriate biomes has been published recently. The aim of this paper is to improve the distinction between warm and cool steppes, thus refining vegetation and climate reconstruction, particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum. A set of modern pollen spectra from the Mediterranean and Kazakhstan regions, dominated today by open vegetation types, has been analysed statistically in order to relate pollen taxa abundances to warm and cool grass/shrub plant functional types (PFTs). A statistical test using modern pollen data shows that the method is able to distinguish between cool and warm steppe biomes with a high degree of confidence. The method has been applied to two fossil pollen records. The results of this exercise showed that cool steppe dominated in central Greece between 18 000 and 13 000 yr BP, while in western Iran the vegetation was at the boundary between cool and warm steppes. These vegetation types were replaced by warm mixed forest in Greece and warm steppe in Iran after that time span. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
985.
Scott C. Chapman †‡ Simon L. Morris ‡ Gordon A. H. Walker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,319(3):666-676
We present high spatial resolution, near-infrared images in J , H and K of the nucleus of NGC 3227, obtained with the Adaptive Optics Bonnette on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The ∼0.15 arcsec (17 pc) resolution allows structures to be probed in the core region. Dust obscuration becomes significantly less pronounced at longer wavelengths, revealing the true geometry of the core region. We are able to identify two main features in our maps: (i) a spiralling association of knots with a counterpart in a Hubble Space Telescope F606W image; and (ii) a smaller-scale annulus, orthogonal to the spiral of knots. These features may provide a means to transport material inwards to fuel the active nucleus. 相似文献
986.
We have used cosmogenic 3He to date pre- and post-collapse lava flows from southwestern Fogo, Cape Verdes, in order to date rift zone magmatic reorganisation following the lateral collapse of the flank of the Monte Amarelo volcano. The post-collapse flows have exposure ages ranging from 62 to 11 ka. The analysis of multiple flow tops on each lava flows, often at different elevations, provides an internal check for age consistency and the exposures ages conform with stratigraphic level. The exposure ages suggest that volcanic activity along the western branch of the triple-armed rift zone was more or less continuous from before 62 ka to approximately 11 ka. The absence of magmatic activity for the last 11 kyr reflects a structural reconfiguration of the volcano and may be related to renewed flank instability. This volcanic hiatus is similar in duration to that observed in the Canary Islands. Replicate 3He exposure ages of a pre-collapse flow (123.0 ± 5.2 ka) brackets the time of the Monte Amarelo collapse between 62 ka and 123 ka. Reproducible cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of less than 123 ka from flows away from major erosion features demonstrates that the technique is a viable alternative to the radiocarbon, K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar chronometers for dating recent volcanism in arid climate zones. 相似文献
987.
Steady-state quasi-one-dimensional large-eddy simulations of slope winds over simple terrain are presented. The model results
of up-slope flow are compared to previous simulations by Schumann (1990), and good agreement is found. Modelled downslope
winds are compared to meteorological observations from two glaciers. The vertical profiles of velocity and buoyancy agree
with the observations, whereas larger discrepancies are found between the modelled and the observed momentum and buoyancy
flux profiles. Despite some discrepancies, the model captures the main characteristics of the observed downslope winds fairly
well. The numerical model is used in a companion paper (Part II) to study how some external input parameters affect katabatic
winds. 相似文献
988.
989.
The density distribution of the lithosphere is non-linear and discontinuous due to complex mineralogy and, most importantly, phase transitions. We evaluate the influence of changes in mantle composition on lithospheric density and its evolution during horizontal stretching, using thermodynamic calculations of the density as a function of pressure, temperature and composition. We also develop a simple parameterization based on end-member mineral reactions and geometric relationships between the geotherm and the phase boundary for comparison. The garnet–spinel peridotite transition leads to a moderate decrease in density of the mantle part of the lithospheric column at the initial stages of stretching. When the crust is sufficiently thinned and temperature is relatively high, plagioclase peridotite becomes stable in the upper part of the mantle. The density reduction due to the plagioclase-in reaction is controlled by bulk Al2O3 in the mantle and by the depth of the plagioclase-in reaction, which is mainly governed by the Na2O/Al2O3 ratio. Since Na2O and Al2O3 increase with the fertility of the mantle the phase transition effect is most pronounced for relatively fertile mantle (and strong extension) and can lead to 2.3% density reduction. This is equivalent to heating the entire lithosphere by 700 °C if only the effect of thermal expansion on density is taken into account. The formation of plagioclase peridotite can explain syn-rift uplift in sedimentary basins that experienced large mantle stretching without invoking an unrealistically strong increase in temperature. It might also be responsible for the break-up unconformity observed at continental margins. 相似文献
990.
Beach profile data, collected twice per year at 19 stations over a 25 km length of coastline in Tremadoc Bay, have been analysed to quantify the inter-annual variability in beach levels over a 7 year period and the results compared against the output of a numerical model. Using hourly wind data as forcing, the morphological development of northern Tremadoc Bay was simulated by wave, tidal, longshore transport, total transport and bed level change models. The modelling methodology was efficient and innovative, allowing realistic simulations of long duration with a time step of 1 h, hence capturing the high frequency nature of wind events. The model was run for each of the 7 autumn/winter periods (generally November–April) and the modelled net change in beach levels compared with the data from all 19 stations. The model results had reasonable agreement with the beach profile surveys. However, the observed magnitude of bed level change in the bay lagged the model output by 1 year, indicating that sediment processes acting over a larger area are important in a relatively localised study of inter-annual variability. 相似文献