全文获取类型
收费全文 | 732篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 16篇 |
大气科学 | 71篇 |
地球物理 | 185篇 |
地质学 | 283篇 |
海洋学 | 85篇 |
天文学 | 98篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 30篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 46篇 |
2011年 | 57篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有772条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
Effect of the addition of granitic powder to an acidic soil from Galicia (NW Spain) in comparison with lime 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Benita?Silva Remigio?ParadeloEmail author Nuria?Vázquez Eduardo?García-Rodeja María?Teresa?Barral 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):429-441
The impact of diffuse pollution, agricultural land use and climate change on the long-term response of subsurface–surface water quality is not well understood, but is a prerequisite for evaluation of water management options. The goal of this study is to model geochemical evolution of water chemistry from the infiltration through soil into the unsaturated zone, transport through bedrocks and granular aquifers to a river in order to identify zones of steep concentration gradients and high dynamics under transient flow conditions. A numerical model was constructed comprising a 2-D 1,500 m × 150 m vertical cross-section of typical sedimentary rock formations, a glacio-fluvial quaternary gravel aquifer in the valley and soil layers. The model coupled saturated/un-saturated flow and reactive transport under steady state and transient conditions. Geochemical interactions, include intra-aqueous kinetic reactions of oxygen with dissolved organic matter, as well as kinetics of carbonate dissolution/precipitation. This model section was chosen to provide insight in to the principal processes and time scales affecting water chemistry along different flow paths. The numerical simulator MIN3P was used, a finite volume program for variably saturated subsurface flow and multi-component reactive transport. The results show that subsurface water residence times range from approximately 2 to 2,000 years. Different zones are to be expected with respect to the development of mineral equilibria; namely, purely atmospherically influenced, as well as open and closed system carbonate dissolution. Short-term responses to daily averaged changes in precipitation, however, are only visible to some extent in the shallower and near-river parts of flow system and solute loads. This can most likely be explained by directional changes in flow paths, indicating that equilibrium geochemical condition predominate at the hillslope scale, i.e. water quality depends on transport pathways rather than on kinetic effects. The extent of reducing conditions is controlled by the presence of organic-rich layers (i.e. peat deposits), the dissolution kinetics of aquifer organic matter and the subsequent mixing with oxygenated water by hydrodynamic dispersion. 相似文献
142.
N. P. Ratnayake K. B. A. Silva I. G. I. K. Kumara 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2529-2540
The Kaluganga River Estuary is one of the main sources of construction sand in Sri Lanka. Salt water intrusion along this estuary due to extensive sand mining has increased over the years. Thus, the focus of the current research is to understand the relationship between river sand mining, salt water intrusion, and the resultant effects on construction sand. Two surveys were conducted along the Kaluganga Estuary along an 11 km stretch from the river mouth at predetermined intervals to measure depth water quality profiles, and to collect sediment samples. These surveys were carried out during maximum spring tide; first in a dry period and then in a wet period, to understand hydrographic effects on the quality of river sands. Sand samples were analysed for absolute chloride content and grain size distribution. Results showed significant salt water intrusion during the dry period, averaging 2,307 μS cm?1 in surface waters throughout the surveyed 11 km stretch along with 3,818 μS cm?1 (average) in bottom waters up to 5.6 km upstream from the river mouth causing above normal chloride content in the bottom sandy sediments. The high chloride content in bottom sands was recorded up to 5.5 km from the river mouth making them unsuitable for construction purposes. However, during wet period, salt water intrusion levels in the bottom waters were insignificant (average 61 μS cm?1) and the chloride content in bottom sediments was very low. This study highlighted the requirement for regulations on river estuary sandmining for construction purposes. 相似文献
143.
Anthony Hildenbrand Pedro Madureira Fernando Ornelas Marques Inês Cruz Bernard Henry Pedro Silva 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,273(3-4):289-298
New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW–ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent re-opening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW–ESE structural axis of the island. Mafic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 相似文献
144.
145.
José I. Carreto Nora MontoyaRut Akselman Mario O. CarignanRicardo I. Silva Daniel A. Cucchi Colleoni 《Continental Shelf Research》2008
The composition of phytoplankton assemblages were studied in three sections across the continental shelf between the Río de la Plata and the oceanic waters of the Subtropical Convergence, during late spring. Algal communities were examined using microscopy and HPLC-derived pigment concentrations. The CHEMTAX program was used to estimate the chlorophyll a (chl a) biomass of different algal classes. Trends in pigment ratios due to phytoplankton photo-adaptation and photo-acclimation were also examined. In order to accommodate the natural diversity of phytoplankton assemblages the original data have been split to represent five ecosystems. In addition, the pigment data for the Brazil Current ecosystem has been split by sample depth. 相似文献
146.
Cléa Araújo da Silva Pedro Walfir M. Souza-FilhoSuzan W.P. Rodrigues 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
The northern Brazilian coast, east of the Amazon River is characterized by several macrotidal estuarine systems that harbor large mangrove areas with approximately 7600 km2. The Marapanim Estuary is influenced by macrotidal regime with moderate waves influence. Morphologic units were investigated by using remote sensing images (i.e., Landsat-7 ETM+, RADARSAT- 1 Wide and SRTM) integrated with bathymetric data. The modern sedimentary deposits were analyzed from 67 cores collected by Vibracore and Rammkersonde systems. Analysis of morphology and surface sedimentary deposits of the Marapanim River reveal they are strongly influenced by the interaction of tidal, wave and fluvial currents. Based on these processes it was possible to recognize three distinct longitudinal facies zonation that revels the geological filling of a macrotidal estuary. The estuary mouth contain fine to medium marine sands strongly influenced by waves and tides, responsible for macrotidal sandy beaches and estuarine channel development, which are characterized by wave-ripple bedding and longitudinal cross-bedding sands. The estuary funnel is mainly influenced by tides that form wide tidal mudflats, colonized by mangroves, along the estuarine margin, with parallel laminations, lenticular bedding, root fragments and organic matter lenses. The upstream estuary contains coarse sand to gravel of fluvial origin. Massive mud with organic matter lenses, marks and roots fragments occur in the floodplain accumulates during seasonal flooding providing a slowly aggrading in the alluvial plain. This morphologic and depositional pattern show easily a tripartite zonation of a macrotidal estuary, that are in the final stage of filling. 相似文献
147.
148.
Water contamination and remedial measures at the Troya abandoned Pb-Zn mine (The Basque Country, Northern Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article describes a case of contamination of a karstic aquifer by abandoning an underground mine exploiting sulphide
ore body. To exploit the ore, the aquifer was drained and the water level declined about 230 m, drying up the spring that
had drained the aquifer up to that moment. When the mining activity ceased, the piezometric level recovered and contaminated
water began to flow out from a mine adit. The water is high in sulphates and dissolved Fe, although the pH is neutral. When
this water reached the nearby creek, the fish population was eliminated, principally due to the presence of toxic metals and
the precipitation of Fe hydroxides. The contamination originated in an area of the partially flooded mine rooms where the
ore is in contact with both air and water. The acidity generated by pyrite oxidation is neutralized by calcite dissolution.
Presently, the mine water is diverted to the old tailings pond which functions as an aerobic wetland. This action has allowed
the fish population in the creek to be restored.
Received: 20 January 1999 · Accepted: 15 March 1999 相似文献
149.
A hydrogeochemical survey was conducted on Pico Island (Azores archipelago) in order to evaluate the groundwater chemistry
patterns and the main mineralization processes. Samples were from cold waters and corresponded mainly to sodium chloride type.
Conductivity measurements were ∼82–9790 μS/cm and suggest the existence of highly mineralized waters. In fact, 18% had a conductivity
>5130 μS/cm and the total dissolved solid (TDS) value for two of the wells was from the brackish water range. The changes
in groundwater composition are because of two main processes: (1) silicate mineral dissolution, especially in a few springs
located at high altitude and (2) water salinization in the coastal area, as a result of saltwater intrusion and sea-salt spraying.
The salinization process corresponds to a binary mixing system, as suggested by the chloride and δ18O data, and explains the sharp concentration increase in major and minor species detected in several wells.
Received: 23 July 1999 · Accepted: 8 December 1999 相似文献
150.
The zoned pluton from Castelo Branco consists of Variscan peraluminous S-type granitic rocks. A muscovite>biotite granite in the pluton's core is surrounded successively by biotite>muscovite granodiorite, porphyritic biotite>muscovite granodiorite grading to biotite=muscovite granite, and finally by muscovite>biotite granite. ID-TIMS U–Pb ages for zircon and monazite indicate that all phases of the pluton formed at 310 ± 1 Ma. Whole-rock analyses show slight variation in 87Sr/86Sr310 Ma between 0.708 and 0.712, Nd310 Ma values between − 1 and − 4 and δ18O values between 12.2 and 13.6. These geological, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data indicate a crustal origin of the suite, probably from partial melting of heterogeneous Early Paleozoic pelitic country rock. In detail there is evidence for derivation from different sources, but also fractional crystallization linking some of internal plutonic phases. Least-squares analysis of major elements and modelling of trace elements indicate that the porphyritic granodiorite and biotite=muscovite granite were derived from the granodiorite magma by fractional crystallization of plagioclase, quartz, biotite and ilmenite. By contrast variation diagrams of major and trace elements in biotite and muscovite, the behaviours of Ba in microcline and whole-rock δ18O, the REE patterns of rocks and isotopic data indicate that both muscovite-dominant granites were probably originated by two distinct pulses of granite magma. 相似文献