Solution of the transfer equation for interlocked multiplets by probabilistic method

Sobolev's probabilistic method — The method of quantum exit from the medium — has been applied to solve the transfer equation for the case of interlocking without redistribution. The solution contains the function (x) which is same as theH-function involved in the solution given by Busbridge and Stibbs the method of principle of invariance.     

Bearing Capacity of a Model Scale Footing on Crude Oil-Contaminated Sand

Onshore and offshore oil spills contaminate soil. In addition to environmental concerns for ground water pollution and other possible effects, the geotechnical properties of the contaminated soil such as the shear strength and the hydraulic conductivity are also altered. This note is a report of research in progress to evaluate the variation of the shear strength of a sand contaminated by a crude oil and thus the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations. The limited results of the tests reported here relate to only one type of sand and one crude oil. The oil content was varied from zero to 4.2%. Results of direct shear tests for determining the soil friction angle are given. Along with these, laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of a surface strip foundation supported by crude oil-contaminated sand are also presented. Based on these test results, the effect of oil contamination in drastically reducing the bearing capacity is discussed.     

THE GUJARGAON METEORITE

The Gujargaon meteorite was observed to fall on a cotton field at Gujargaon in Dewas district, Madhya Pradesh, India, on the afternoon of the 4th of September, 1982. It is an oriented stone with a saucer-shaped front and regmaglypted rear with surfaces of more than one generation, and is entirely covered by fusion crust. Gujargaon is an H5 chondrite with rare chondrules integrated with the matrix. Intense fracturing with fractures filled by glassy veins, and undulose extinction and deformation-twin lamellae in troilite bear evidences of shock. Compared to average H-group chondrites Gujargaon appears to have higher contents of SiO₂and normative pyroxene.     

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic attenuation in fluid saturated sandstone

Adopting the method of forced oscillation, attenuation was studied in Fontainebleau sandstone (porosity 10%, permeability 10 mD) at seismic frequencies (1–100 Hz). Confining pressures of 5, 10, and 15 MPa were chosen to simulate reservoir conditions. First, the strain effect on attenuation was investigated in the dry sample for 11 different strains across the range 1 × 10^?6–8 × 10^?6, at the confining pressure of 5 MPa. The comparison showed that a strain of at least 5 × 10^?6 is necessary to obtain a good signal to noise ratio. These results also indicate that nonlinear effects are absent for strains up to 8 × 10^?6. For all the confining pressures, attenuation in the dry rock was low, while partial (90%) and full (100%) saturation with water yielded a higher magnitude and frequency dependence of attenuation. The observed high and frequency dependent attenuation was interpreted as being caused by squirt flow.     

Multispectral sensor spectral resolution simulations for generation of hyperspectral vegetation indices from Hyperion data

The use of multispectral satellite sensors for generation of hyperspectral indices is restricted because of their coarse spectral resolutions. In this study, we attempted to synthesize a few of these hyperspectral indices, viz. RedEdge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI₇₀₅), Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI) and Normalized-Difference-Infrared-Index (NDII), for crop stress monitoring at regional scale using multispectral images, simulated from Hyperion data. The Hyperion data were resampled and simulated to corresponding spatial and spectral resolutions of AWiFS, OCM-2 and MODIS sensors using their respective filter function. Different possible combinations of two bands (i.e. simple difference, simple ratio and normalized difference) were computed using synthetic spectral bands of each sensor, and were regressed with NDVI₇₀₅, PSRI and NDII. Models with highest correlation were selected and inverted on Hyperion data of another date to synthesize respective multispectral indices. Synthetic broad band indices of multispectral sensors with their respective narrow band indices of Hyperion were found to be in good agreement.     

Structure and dynamics of undercurrents in the western boundary current of the Bay of Bengal

Ocean Dynamics - The structure and variability of undercurrents in the East India Coastal Current (EICC), which is the western boundary current system in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and the mechanisms...     

Pressure Energy Diffusion Rates in the Wall-Wake Region of Immobile Solid Sphere in Open Channel Flows-Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study

Water Resources - Present study elucidates the near-bed pressure energy diffusion rates in the wall-wake region of flowpast a stationary solid sphere in open channel. Vertical distributions of...