50年来东北黑土区土地利用变化对沟蚀的影响——以克东地区为例

以位于东北典型黑土区的克东地区作为研究区,以1965年的Corona、2005年的SPOT5和2015年高分一号影像作为数据源,通过目视解译获取研究区对应年份的侵蚀沟分布状况;以1954年地形图和1975年的Landsat/MSS、2005年和2015年的Landsat/TM影像为数据源分别获取1965年、2005年和2015年土地利用数据;以侵蚀沟裂度为指标从土地利用变化角度分析研究区近50年来沟蚀变化状况。结果表明：黑土区沟壑侵蚀状况日益严重,耕地中侵蚀沟面积最大、侵蚀沟裂度增长速度最快;耕地、草地和建设用地上沟蚀状况的加剧伴随着林地和未利用地的开垦;耕地和草地相互转换裂度变化最大,退耕还林还草短期内侵蚀沟裂度仍然很高,但随着近10年来“退耕还林”的推行和用地状况的改善,沟蚀虽仍在发展但速度趋于缓慢。     

Identifying the Geography and Determinants of O2O Online Retailers in Megacity in Central China: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

In recent years, O2O e-commerce, represented by online group-buying, has developed vigorously, which had significant impacts on urban commercial space. Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China, and its e-commerce development level is ahead, but relevant researches are rare. Therefore, the data of online retailers of Meituan.com was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map data. Then, we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban area. The main conclusions are 1) The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration. 2) The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are different. Most of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City, forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas. 3) The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou railways. Erqi Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level, followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle Road. The development level at other areas is relatively low. 4) Zhengzhou's O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical business. The population distribution, especially the population distribution during the nightlife period, plays a vital role in its spatial development, followed by accessibility. The influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost, but the difference between them is little. In addition, travelling costs have the least impact. This paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.     

Assessing the Performance of Separate Bias Kalman Filter in Correcting the Model Bias for Estimation of Soil Moisture Profiles

The performance of separate bias Kalman filter (SepKF) in correcting the model bias for the improvement of soil moisture profiles is evaluated by assimilating the near-surface soil moisture observations into a land surface model (LSM). First, an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is carried out, where the true soil moisture is known, two types of model bias (i.e., constant and sinusoidal) are specified, and the bias error covariance matrix is assumed to be proportional to the model forecast error covariance matrix with a ratio λ. Second, a real assimilation experiment is carried out with measurements at a site over Northwest China. In the OSSE, the soil moisture estimation with the SepKF is improved compared with ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) without the bias filter, because SepKF can properly correct the model bias, especially in the situation with a large model bias. However, the performance of SepKF becomes slightly worse if the constant model bias increases or temporal variability of the sinusoidal model bias becomes large. It is suggested that the ratio λ should be increased (decreased) in order to improve the soil moisture estimation if temporal variability of the sinusoidal model bias becomes high (low). Finally, the assimilation experiment with real observations also shows that SepKF can further improve the estimation of soil moisture profiles compared with EnKF without the bias correction.     

Spatio-temporal Pattern and Spatial Heterogeneity of Ecotones Based oh Land Use Types of Southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in China

Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.     

基于QuickBird影像的城市高大地物阴影检测方法

针对利用高分辨率遥感影像检测阴影时受水体和偏蓝色地物影像的影响问题,提出了一种主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的阴影检测方法。首先,统计、分析了Quick Bird影像中阴影、水体及建筑物等典型地物的光谱特征;然后,基于主成分变换和多波段运算相结合的方法识别阴影区域和非阴影区域,并利用多峰直方图阈值算法对阴影进行自动检测;最后,利用形态学滤波算法对检测结果进行后处理。实验结果表明,该方法对Quick Bird影像中的阴影提取具有较高的精度、效率和普适性。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Mayuan Pb-Zn Deposit, Nanzheng, Shaanxi, China

The Mayuan stratabound Pb-Zn deposit in Nanzheng,Shaanxi Province,is located in the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate,in the southern margin of the Beiba Arch.The orebodies are stratiform and hosted in breciated dolostone of the Sinian Dengying Formation.The ore minerals are primarily sphalerite and galena,and the gangue minerals comprise of dolomite,quartz,barite,calcite and solid bitumen.Fluid inclusions from ore-stage quartz and calcite have homogenization tempreatures from 98 to 337℃ and salinities from 7.7 wt%to 22.2 wt%(NaCl equiv.).The vapor phase of the inclusions is mainly composed of CH_4 with minor CO_2 and H_2S.The δD_(fluid) values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite display a range from-68‰ to-113‰(SMOW),and the δ~(18)O_(fluid)values calculated from δ~(18)O_(quartz) and δ~(18)O_(calcite) values range from 4.5‰ to 16.7‰(SMOW).These data suggest that the ore-forming fluids may have been derived from evaporitic sea water that had reacted with organic matter.The δ~(13)C_(CH4) values of CH_4 in fluid inclusions range from-37.2‰ to-21.0‰(PDB),suggesting that the CH_4 in the ore-forming fluids was mainly derived from organic matter.This,together with the abundance of solid bitumen in the ores,suggest that organic matter played an important role in mineralization,and that the thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) was the main mechanism of sulfide precipitation.The Mayuan Pb-Zn deposit is a carbonate-hosted epigenetic deposit that may be classified as a Mississippi Valley type(MVT) deposit.     

A spatio-temporal data model for road network in data center based on incremental updating in vehicle navigation system

The technique of incremental updating,which can better guarantee the real-time situation of navigational map,is the developing orientation of navigational road network updating.The data center of vehicle navigation system is in charge of storing incremental data,and the spatio-temporal data model for storing incremental data does affect the efficiency of the response of the data center to the requirements of incremental data from the vehicle terminal.According to the analysis on the shortcomings of several ...     

An anticyclonic eddy in the intermediate layer of the Luzon Strait in Autumn 2005

The complicated flow pattern in the intermediate layer of the Luzon Strait could directly affect the efficiency of the water and energy exchange between the South China Sea (SCS) and the North Pacific. Here we present a subsurface anticyclonic eddy in the Luzon Strait deduced using observations conducted in October 2005. On the basis of the hydrographic and current measurements, an anticyclonic eddy was found in the intermediate layer, i.e., about 26.8–27.3σ_θ, 500–900 m. It captures part of the SCS Intermediate Water outflow in the northern Luzon Strait, and carries it to flow southward and then westward back into the SCS in the southern Luzon Strait, with volume transport of about 1.9 × 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹. The simulated results from Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model also suggest the existence of this anticyclonic eddy that develops and lingers for a month long.     

断裂构造遥感识别和提取方法的现状与展望

断裂构造的遥感识别、提取方法和技术具有非常重要的应用和研究价值。随着遥感及相关技术的快速发展,断裂构造的遥感解译方法也取得了较大的进展。总结了断裂构造遥感解译的必要性及其解译标志,总结了断裂构造遥感的解译方法,尤其是遥感自动提取的方法和技术,并分析了存在的问题及发展趋势。     

Monitoring Forest Disturbance in Lesser Khingan Mountains Using MODIS and Landsat TM Time Series from 2000 to 2011

The widespread changes in forest cover caused by climatological and anthropogenic factors can influence the forest ecosystem and climate system to a great extent. With the increasing availability of remote sensing data, monitoring of forest changes at high temporal resolution and on various scales is becoming more realistic. Though several methods based on time series data have been used to detect forest disturbance, there are few studies paying attention to boreal areas where the forest is significant in regulating the global carbon cycle and biogeophysical processes. In this paper, we present a robust method of Breaks Detection Based On Polynomial Model (BDPM) to track boreal (e.g. Lesser Khingan Mountains) deforestation and forest fires based on the MODIS and Landsat TM time series data. Compared with the previous methods, the BDPM offers the following advantages: (1) Fitting of the polynomial model using the seasonal variation of forests in the whole region instead of a single pixel to avoid error accumulation; (2) to avoid confusion between vegetation change due to climate changes and abrupt forest disturbances, we segmented the long-time NDVI series data into 12 seasonal cycles and simulated the temporal variations in each seasonal cycle.