Construction of the Continental Asia in Phanerozoic: A Review

This is a review of the formation and tectonic evolution of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.The continental Asia has formed on the bases of some pre-Cambrian cratons,such as the Siberia,India,Arabia,North China,Tarim,South China,and Indochina,through multi-stage plate convergence and collisional collages in Phanerozoic.The north-central Asia had experienced the expansion and subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)in the early Paleozoic and the closure of the PAO in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,forming the PAO regime and Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB).In the core of the CAOB,the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean(MOO)opened with limited expansion in the Early Permian and finally closed in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.The south-central Asia had experienced mainly multi-stage oceanic opening,subduction and collision evolution in the Tethys Ocean,forming the Tethys regime and Himalaya-Tibetan orogenic belt.In eastern Asia,the plate subduction and continental margin orogeny on western margin of the Pacific Ocean,forms the West Pacific regime and West Pacific orogenic belt.The PAO,Tethys,and West Pacific regimes,together with Precambrian cratons among or surrounding them,made up the major tectonic and dynamic systems of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.Major tectonic events,such as the Early Paleozoic Qilian,Uralian,and Dunhuang orogeneses,the late Paleozoic East Junggar,Tianshan and West Junggar orogeneses,the Middle to Late Permian Ailaoshan orogeny and NorthSouth Lhasa collision,the early Mesozoic Indochina-South China and North-South China collisions,the late Mesozoic Mongolia-Okhotsk orogeny,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and intra-continental Yanshanian orogeny,and the Cenozoic IndoAsian,Arab-Asian,and West Pacific margin collisions,constrained the formation and evolution of the continental Asia.The complex dynamic systems have left large number of deformation features,such as large-scale strike-slip faults,thrustfold systems and extensional detachments on the continental Asia.Based on past tectonics,a future supercontinent,the Ameurasia,is prospected for the development of the Asia in ca.250 Myr.     

斑岩型铜、金、钼矿床成岩成矿特征差异的原因和意义

文中简要总结了斑岩型金矿、铜矿和钼矿在产出的构造环境,岩石地球化学特征和出溶流体的温度、压力、盐度、蚀变等方面的异同点,重点从元素的地球化学性质、岩浆的源区和过程(熔体和流体演化)3个方面解释了上述差异。Au、Cu和Mo在地球化学性质尤其是亲硫性上的差异决定了元素在不同的大地构造环境下的岩浆作用过程中的分布、迁移和富集特征,最终控制了矿床的分布。岩浆的源区及其温压条件、熔体上升过程中矿物的分离结晶和中上地壳岩浆房内的演化程度控制了成矿岩浆的地球化学特征,进而影响其就位时的压力和温度,从而导致出溶流体在p-T-X上的变化。结合岩浆岩中大离子亲石元素和SiO2的含量,可以评估斑岩型矿床的类型：高的Rb含量是斑岩型钼矿的特征,高的Ba含量是斑岩型钼+铜矿的特征,高的Sr含量是斑岩型铜+金矿的特征。相对于俯冲环境,后俯冲环境下的成矿岩体具有更高的大离子亲石元素含量。矿区中酸性岩石的结构(斑状、似斑状、不等粒和等粒结构)可以用来初步指示成矿的潜力。     

太行山南段平顺地区杂岩体成因研究

太行山南段平顺杂岩体是一套主要由早、晚两期岩体组成,早期侵入岩以橄榄辉长辉绿岩为主,晚期侵入岩主要为闪长岩—二长闪长岩,二者接触部位为晚期暗色不等粒闪长岩。早期侵入岩中有大量橄榄石、辉石以及角闪石捕掳晶出现,相对晚期侵入岩含捕掳晶较少,但偶尔可以见到斜长石成分和结构不平衡现象。早、晚两期侵入岩体具有相似的地球化学特点：低硅高镁;轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损,并显示轻微Eu正异常;富集大离子亲石元素（如Sr、Ba、K）和亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti）;富集放射性成因Pb［n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)=17741~18474,n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)=15429~15612］。岩石学和地球化学特征表明这套早晚两期岩体是同源的,起源于EM部分熔融并底侵到下地壳,所带的高热流引起古老下地壳（特别是TTG）的部分熔融,形成花岗质岩浆,然后形成混合岩浆,再经过分离结晶作用形成了平顺地区杂岩体。     

Site formation processes at Donggutuo: a major Early Pleistocene site in the Nihewan Basin,North China

Understanding site formation processes is crucial for interpreting archaeological context patterns and hominin behaviour as these affect the preserved condition of a site and the integrity of archaeological remains. The fluvio‐lacustrine sequences in the Nihewan Basin of North China are rich sources of early Pleistocene archaeological sites, which offer an important opportunity to investigate human evolution and adapted behaviours in East Asia. Although many Palaeolithic sites have been reported from the Nihewan Basin, North China, few of them focus on site formation processes before interpreting the hominin behaviour patterns. Here, we present a site formation study of four archaeological layers (Layers 6D, 6C, 6B and 6A) in Trench 1 from the Donggutuo (namely DGT‐T1) site in the Nihewan Basin with an age of 1.1 Ma. Through the study of sedimentary contexts, spatial distributions of artefacts and fossils, intra‐assemblage category ratios, debitage size distributions, lithic abrasion, artifact orientation and planar dip, our results show that all the layers had been disturbed by low‐energy sheet wash across the lake shore setting, but to differing extents. The post‐depositional disturbance caused by water decreased from the lower to the upper layers, from Layer 6D to Layer 6A. This indicates that the archaeological remains in DGT‐T1 have not been subject to significant natural modifications and are thus suitable for studying early hominin behaviour in North China. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of General Shear Theory to the Study of Formation Mechanism of the Metamorphic Core Complex:A Case Study of Xiaoqinling in Central China

The kinematic vorticity number and strain of the mylonitic zone related to the detachment fault increase from ESE to WNW along the moving direction of the upper plate of the Xiaoqinling metamorphic core complex (XMCC) and the geometry of quartz c-axis fabrics changes progressively from crossed girdles to single girdles in the same direction. Therefore, pure shear is dominant in the ESE part of the XMCC while simple shear becomes increasingly important towards WNW. However, the shear type does not change with the strain across the shear zone, thus the variation of shear type is of significance in indicating the formation mechanism. The granitic plutons within the XMCC came from the deep source and their emplacement was an active and forceful upwelling prior to the detachment faulting. The PTt path demonstrates that magmatism is an important cause for the formation of the XMCC. The formation mechanism of the XMCC is supposed to be active plutonism and passive detachment. Crustal thickening and magmatic do     

西昆仑-阿尔金成矿带资源潜力

西昆仑-阿尔金地区是指新疆南部,塔里木板块南缘,包括青藏高原的帕米尔高原、西昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山及新疆境内的阿尔金山,是我国地质工作程度最低的地区之一。在全国Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级成矿区带划分的基础上,结合西昆仑-阿尔金成矿特征及其最新找矿进展,结合区域地质背景,进一步划分为2个Ⅲ级成矿区带,构建西昆仑-阿尔金Fe-Pb-Zn-Au-稀有金属成矿带成矿谱系。区内矿产以铁、铅、锌、金、稀有金属等为主,主攻矿床类型为沉积变质型铁矿、碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿、岩浆热液型铜矿,破碎蚀变岩型金矿,甲基卡花岗岩型锂矿等。区带内铁、铅、锌、锂、金矿等矿种资源潜力巨大,划定7个远景区进一步指导找矿工作。     

南岭钨锡稀土成矿带资源特征与潜力分析

南岭钨锡稀土成矿带跨越湖南、广东、广西、江西四省(区),其钨、锡、铋、铅锌、稀土等产量位居全国前列,是我国重要的有色金属资源基地和生产加工基地。该成矿带横跨扬子、华夏两个板块,位于中生代欧亚大陆板块构造岩浆活动带的华南陆块中部,区域成矿地质条件优越,是中国有色、稀有、稀土、放射性矿产的重要成矿远景区带。通过研究成矿带的成矿特征,划分了成矿系列,建立了成矿谱系,确定了区带的主攻矿种为钨、锡、锰、铅锌,并对其资源潜力进行了评价,预计可新增钨475万吨、锡375万吨、锰2.6亿吨、铅锌6084万吨。在此基础上,部署了江西省于都-银坑重点远景区、江西大余-上犹重点远景区、广东韶关地区铅锌、银、钨矿重点远景区、广东大宝山-连平地区铁、铜、铅锌、钨矿重点远景区、湖南郴州地区钨、锡、钼、铅锌、铜、萤石矿重点远景区5个重点远景区和湖南常宁地区铅锌、金、银、萤石、硼矿一般远景区等8个一般远景区,为指导本区勘查工作提供了依据。     

太行山含夕线石石英球花岗岩的地质学、地球化学和岩石成因

太行山含夕线石石英球花岗岩是南营片麻岩的重要组成部分,其地质特征、地球化学和Rb-Sr 同位素特征表明它们是中下地壳副变质岩深熔熔浆和残留体混合的粥状体沿着伸展变形带运移、侵位和结晶形成的。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为t= 1.933±0.08Ga,形成的时代为吕梁期。