大别造山带钾氩年龄的解释—差异上升的地块

根据冷却年龄理论和大别造山带变质岩K-Ar表面年龄的平面分布,指出这些年龄既不代表岩石形成事件,也不简单地反映后期热事件,而代表岩石经剥蚀隆起温度下降到该矿物封度温度以来的时间,即反映地区的构造隆起历史。现有资料说明大别造山带整体在印支期开始隆起,但中部罗田—英山一带则隆起较快或地热增温率高,因而表现出年轻(燕山期)的表面年龄。     

基于WRF和统计方法的气温空间尺度分析

WRF模式作为一个中尺度气候模式,其分辨率从几米到几千公里,其自身的双向嵌套特征也为进行动力尺度下推提供了有力条件。本文利用WRF模式和传统的统计方法对研究区的气温进行尺度下推。首先,通过动力下推得到不同分辨率下的气温空间分布,并选取15个气象站点进行点对点验证,为了更明显观察不同尺度间的差异,对不同尺度的输出与ANUSPLIN插值结果进行比对,结果显示动力尺度下推中,分辨率越高模拟效果越好。其次,我们采用传统的统计下推方法,从27km下推到3km分辨率,并与WRF和ANUSPLIN插值在该尺度的结果进行对比分析,结果显示统计下推结果的趋势与动力下推的插值结果是一致的,但具有明显的马赛克效果,通过分析认为,这与统计方法的尺度下推只考虑高程信息的变化对气温的影响,而未考虑其他因素有关,如若在下推时加入更多的变量,如对温度有较大影响的坡度、坡向、土地覆被类型等因素,综合分析不同尺度之间的关系,会使下推结果有所改善。     

Use of intensity analysis to measure land use changes from 1932 to 2005 in Zhenlai County,Northeast China

Analyzing spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover over time is widely recognized as important to better understand and provide solutions for social, economic, and environmental problems, especially in ecologically fragile region. In this paper, a case study was taken in Zhenlai County, which is a part of farming-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China. This study seeks to use multi-temporal satellite images and other data from various sources to analyze spatiotemporal changes from 1932 to 2005, and applied a quantitative methodology named intensity analysis in the time scale of decades at three levels: time interval, category, and transition. The findings of the case study are as follows: 1) the interval level of intensity analysis revealed that the annual rate of overall change was relatively fast in 1932–1954 and 1954–1976 time intervals. 2) The category level showed that arable land experienced less intensively gains and losses if the overall change was to have been distributed uniformly across the landscape while the gains and losses of forest land, grassland, water, settlement, wetland and other unused land were not consistent and stationary across the four time intervals. 3) The transition level illustrated that arable land expanded at the expense of grassland before 2000 while it gained intensively from wetland from 2000 to 2005. Settlement targets arable land and avoids grassland, water, wetland and other unused land. Besides, the loss of grassland was intensively targeted by arable land, forest land and wetland in the study period while the loss of wetland was targeted by water except for the time interval of 1976–2000. 4) During the early reclamation period, land use change of the study area was mainly affected by the policy, institutional and political factors, followed by the natural disasters.     

鲁中东-苏西北Au- Fe金刚石成矿带特征及资源潜力

随着找矿的深入,在鲁中东-苏西北地区新发现了一批大中型金、铁和金刚石矿床,该区已成为我国重要的矿产资源基地。本文在新的研究成果和认识基础上,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,厘定边界并命名为"鲁中东-苏西北Au-Fe金刚石成矿带",初步建立了该成矿带成矿谱系,结果显示成矿带内存在太古宙、元古宙、古生代、中生代以及新生代等5期成矿。区内矿产以金、铁以及金刚石为主,金矿床类型主要有石英脉型、破碎蚀变岩型,铁矿类型主要有沉积变质型和矽卡岩型,金刚石矿主要为岩浆型。结合研究区找矿最新进展和全国矿产资源潜力评价最新成果,认为本区Au、Fe、金刚石资源潜力巨大。在此基础上划分了6处远景区,为进一步实现找矿突破及地质找矿战略部署提供了科学依据。     

Energy dissipation through wind-generated breaking waves

Wave breaking is an important process that controls turbulence properties and fluxes of heat and mass in the upper oceanic layer.A model is described for energy dissipation per unit area at the ocean surface attributed to wind-generated breaking waves,in terms of ratio of energy dissipation to energy input,windgenerated wave spectrum,and wave growth rate.Also advanced is a vertical distribution model of turbulent kinetic energy,based on an exponential distribution method.The result shows that energy dissipation rate depends heavily on wind speed and sea state.Our results agree well with predictions of previous works.     

Lignin in marine environment and its analysis—A review

Lignin is a group of phenolic polymers which is abundant in the woody tissues of vascular plants,and is essentially absent from all other living organisms.It has therefore been accepted as a tracer for terrestrial organic carbon(TOC) in marine environment since the 1970s.Lignin polymers are not amenable to direct chemical analysis without prior isolation.This review focused on the methods of chemical decomposition,extraction,derivatization and detection of lignin in marine environment.We described and compared several chemical decomposition methods,including nitrobenzene oxidation,alkaline cupric oxide(CuO) oxidation and thermochemolysis,and detection methods such as gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and so on.Possible improvement of lignin analysis and the application prospects of this tracer were also discussed.     

Influence of sequential tropical cyclones on phytoplankton blooms in the northwestern South China Sea

Upper ocean responses to the passage of sequential tropical cyclones over the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) in 2011 were investigated using satellite remote sensing data,Argo reanalysis data,and an array of mooring data.We found that the sea surface low temperature region lasted for more than 38 days and two phytoplankton blooms occurred after the passage of sequential tropical cyclones.The upper ocean cooling reached 2-5℃ with a right-side bias was observed along the typhoon track to about 200 km.The maintenance of low temperature region and the two phytoplankton blooms were mainly driven by upwelling and near-inertial turbulence mixing induced by the sequential tropical cyclones.The first phytoplankton bloom appeared on the 7~(th) day after the passage of the three tropical cyclones,and the chlorophyll-a(chl-a) concentration increased by 226%,which may be mainly driven by typhoons induced upwelling.The second phytoplankton bloom occurred on the 30~(th) day,the chl-a concentration increased by290%.Further analysis suggested that only the typhoons with similar characteristics as Nesat and Nalgae can induce strong near-inertial oscillation(NIO).Strong turbulent mixing associated with the near-inertial baroclinic shear instability lasted for 26 days.The measured mean eddy diffusivity in the upper ocean was above 10~(-4) m~2/s after typhoon Nesat.Enhancement of the turbulent mixing in the upper ocean helped to transport nutrient-rich cold waters from the deep layer to the euphotic layer,and is a maj or mechanism for the long-term maintenance of low temperature region as well as the second phytoplankton bloom.     

基于DEM与GACOS的InSAR同震形变场大气误差校正北大核心CSCD

从全球地震频发地区选取多次地震事件,以精河地震为例研究基于DEM进行大气误差校正时拟合区选取方法;然后分别基于DEM和GACOS数据对同震形变场进行大气相位延迟改正以分析其校正精度及适用性。结果表明,扣除主要同震形变区域后的相位-高程相关系数大于0.4时,必须对获取的形变场进行大气误差校正,校正后噪声可下降约1~4 cm;相关系数为0.4~0.8时,可通过两种方法相互验证以校正精度;相关系数大于0.8时,可以只使用DEM拟合大气误差分布函数进行校正。基于GACOS进行大气误差校正具有普适性,用于大气噪声较为严重且与地形不相关的平原地区可取得较好效果。     

Raman spectral analysis and genetic mechanism of pseudotachylyte in Xiaoqinling detachment fault

Veins and clasts of pseudotachylyte developed in the microbreccias of the detachment fault along the boundary of the Xiaoqinling metamorphic core complex. The Raman spectral analysis shows that there are three kinds of textures in the matrices of the pseudotachylyte, i.e. ultracataclastic fine-grained texture, cryptocrystalline texture and both of them with minute quantity of glass. The three different textures are the results of different degrees of ultracataclasis. This demonstrates that ultracataclasis-comminution-melting is the genetic mechanism of the pseudotachylytes in the Xiaoqinling detachment fault and the ultracataclasis-comminution dominates in their formation. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49472142).