基于EGM2008和剩余地形模型的区域似大地水准面精化方法

利用EGM2008计算重力场模型高程异常,结合SRTM和DTM2006.0计算剩余地形模型,进而计算RTM高程异常,以弥补EGM2008重力场模型短波信号缺失的不足。从实测高程异常中减去重力场模型高程异常以及RTM高程异常,得到残余高程异常。利用曲面拟合方法拟合残余高程异常模型,解决高程基准系统偏差问题。通过实际GPS/水准数据计算证明,该方法能显著提高GPS点的高程异常计算精度,达到精化区域似大地水准面的目的。     

Quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of 239+240Pu inventory derived from global fallout in soils from Asia and Europe

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Due to the atmospheric nuclear weapon tests carried out, terrestrial environments have been extensively contaminated by global fallout of plutonium (Pu)...     

绿帘石记录俯冲带变质流体活动

俯冲带是连接地球表生圈层和深部圈层的关键纽带,深刻影响着地球内部的运行方式和人类宜居环境。俯冲板片脱水释放的高压-超高压变质流体控制着俯冲带诸多重要地质过程,如地幔楔交代和部分熔融、岛弧岩浆活动、中/深源地震以及地球内部的元素迁移和分异等等。深入了解这些流体的源区、运移、成分和物理化学条件是理解这些流体性质和行为的前提和关键。绿帘石是俯冲带变质岩中一个常见的含水造岩矿物,具有较宽广的稳定温压范围(绿片岩相-榴辉岩相)、较高的微量元素含量和缓慢的体扩散行为(如Sr、Pb、Th、U、Cr、V和LREE),能够指示俯冲带(多期)变质流体活动和地球化学效应。本文总结了近年来俯冲带变质绿帘石研究的主要进展及其在揭示俯冲带流体活动方面的重要应用,包括探究俯冲带流体的起源、成分特征、运移方式、氧逸度条件、交代效应和多期次结晶行为。这些研究表明绿帘石是一个极好的变质流体活动记录器,能够为理解俯冲带流体活动和深部元素迁移提供关键信息。     

Site selection for offshore facilities

A simplified input-output process is used to describe the end-members of two methods of site selection: one in which the structure controls the site and the other in which the site controls the structure. Most site selection processes are combinations of these two methods. Factors ranging from atmospheric, oceanic, and seafloor conditions to marine biota, constructional, and political-demographic-geographic are tabulated to show the variety that may be considered in the site selection process. The bathymetric, geological-geophysical, and geotechnical components of siting surveys are reviewed, together with location control. The state-of-the-art of siting all kinds of structures on the continental margins and deepsea floor beyond the continental margin could be improved in almost all areas to increase the reliability of operations at sea and to decrease costs.     

Investigation of Instability and Blasting Caving Technology of Composite Support Structure in the Goaf of Gypsum Mine

According to the structure form of room and pillar goaf in gypsum mine, the mechanical model of pillar roof composite supporting structure was established in this research. Based on the cusp catastrophe theory and energy dissipation theory, the energy dissipation relationship of the support structure was analyzed, and a new instability criterion of the support system was derived by introducing the control parameters α and β. On this basis, the study of blasting caving was carried out. The influence of row spacing and hole depth on blasting caving was analyzed using ANSYS/LS DYNA software. The blasting influence range, stress wave attenuation and vibration velocity attenuation indices are obtained, and the blasting parameters such as the optimal distance and depth of blast holes between pillars and roof were optimized. Based on the results of theoretical analysis and numerical, combined with the engineering geological conditions of Dahan gypsum mine, the practical study of blasting caving was carried out. The caving scheme and caving sequence was determined, then the blasting caving effect was analyzed. The caving effect was found to be good, and the applicability of the theoretical model is verified.

     

川西北松潘-甘孜褶皱带较场弧形构造显微应变机制

区域显微结构构造特征及其变形机制已经成为造山带运动学、动力学机制及模型的重要约束。对松潘-甘孜褶皱带较场弧形带15个定向构造样品显微薄片的研究表明:弧形带以中—浅层共轴挤压同变形-变质作用为主,形成残缕构造、对称眼球构造、膝折构造等;弧形带构造变形具有典型对称性应变的特征,东西两翼应变强度大致相当(γ≌1.8)、压缩率大致相等(C≌27%),由北向南相同单元内应变特征具有一定的增强趋势(而不同单元之间具有微弱减小的趋势),尤其是弗林指数K值(K1)由北向南具有明显增大的特征,总体为三轴长椭球应变,为伸长型应变型式。较场弧形带的显微应变特征与典型弧形构造的"走滑成因"机制非对称性的特征迥异,其成因应归于以南北向主应力所控制的差异应力-应变机制。     

龙门山南段构造变形及应力序列

2008年5月12日的汶川大地震表明龙门山断裂带仍然是一个构造活动带,为达到防震减灾的目的,对龙门山进行深入研究显得非常必要。作者通过龙门山南段的怀远和雅安两条实测构造地质剖面,应用传统的构造解析法,结合构造带的分带讨论思想,对野外实测的褶皱、节理和断层等构造变形要素进行综合分析,确定出各构造带的变形和应力序列。中央断裂带构造变形次数达10次以上,其中以NW-SE向逆冲最多,部分为左旋逆冲或右旋逆冲。滑覆体构造变形序列达5次左右。前山断裂带的构造变形序列较少,约5次以上。