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531.
532.
基于ARMA模型的隧道位移时间序列分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在新奥法隧道施工中,隧道位移监测对于评价围岩稳定性和支护结构合理性起重要作用。目前大都采用AR模型对隧道位移进行时间序列分析,避开了非线性估计,致使拟合精度和模型实用性较差。为此,介绍了具有较高预测精度和较好适用条件的ARMA模型及其常用参数估计方法,基于其参数非线性估计带来的不便性,提出一种ARMA模型参数估计近似线性方法,把残差用Taylor级数一阶展开,将非线性估计线性化,用线性最小二乘法估计参数最终值。用该方法对重庆市大足县南环二路南山隧道位移监测数据进行时间序列建模分析,预测与实测值吻合较好,证明了该方法的实用性。 相似文献
533.
通过岩心和测井资料分析,系统地研究了松辽盆地中央坳陷滨北地区上白垩统青山口组的沉积特征;采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制出了研究区上白垩统青山口组各亚段的砂岩含量、暗色泥岩含量和紫红色泥岩含量等单因素图件,在此基础上做出沉积相图,深入分析了研究区沉积演化规律。研究表明,青山口组主要发育三角洲和湖泊2种沉积相,进一步分为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖4种沉积亚相。从研究区边缘到中心,沉积相类型由三角洲平原亚相渐变为三角洲前缘、滨浅湖和半深湖-深湖亚相;自下而上由半深湖-深湖亚相逐渐变为滨浅湖、三角洲前缘、三角洲平原亚相。青山口组沉积时期可划分为青山口组沉积早期、青山口组沉积中期和青山口组沉积晚期。不同时期、不同构造单元的沉积特征表现各异,从青山口组沉积早期到青山口组沉积晚期,研究区湖盆发育总体表现出规模由大到小的特点。 相似文献
534.
535.
Yamada M Takada H Toyoda K Yoshida A Shibata A Nomura H Wada M Nishimura M Okamoto K Ohwada K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):105-113
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the components found in oil and are of interest because some are toxic. We studied the environmental fate of PAHs and the effects of chemical dispersants using experimental 500 l mesocosm tanks that mimic natural ecosystems. The tanks were filled with seawater spiked with the water-soluble fraction of heavy residual oil. Water samples and settling particles in the tanks were collected periodically and 38 PAH compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs with less than three benzene rings disappeared rapidly, mostly within 2 days. On the other hand, high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs with more than four benzene rings remained in the water column for a longer time, up to 9 days. Also, significant portions (10-94%) of HMW PAHs settled to the bottom and were caught in the sediment trap. The addition of chemical dispersant accelerated dissolution and biodegradation of PAHs, especially HMW PAHs. The dispersant amplified the amounts of PAHs found in the water column. The amplification was the greater for the more hydrophobic PAHs, with an enrichment factor of up to six times. The increased PAHs resulting from dispersant use overwhelmed the normal degradation and, as a result, higher concentrations of PAHs were observed in water column throughout the experimental period. We conclude that the addition of the dispersant could increase the concentration of water column PAHs and thus increase the exposure and potential toxicity for organisms in the natural environment. By making more hydrocarbon material available to the water column, the application of dispersant reduced the settling of PAHs. For the tank with dispersant, only 6% of chrysene initially introduced was detected in the sediment trap whereas 70% was found in the trap in the tank without dispersant. 相似文献
536.
Abstract Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) in the Yamato-791717 CO carbonaceous chondrite contain 5 to 80 vol% of nepheline, along with minor sodalite, and thus are among the most nepheline-rich CAIs known. The primary phases in inclusions are mainly spinel, fassaite, aluminous diopside, perovskite, and hibonite. In contrast to many CO chondrites, melilite is rare. Spinel contains variable amounts of Fe (0 to 57 mol% FeAl2O4) and is commonly zoned. Texture suggests that nepheline is a secondary alteration product formed by replacing mainly melilite, fassaite, and spinel; melilite is the most susceptible to alteration of the primary phases, so most of it was probably already consumed to form nepheline. The majority of inclusions are single concentric objects or aggregates of concentric objects. Lightly altered inclusions have cores of spinel surrounded by bands of nepheline (replacing fassaite), fassaite, and diopside. In moderately altered inclusions, spinel cores are replaced by nepheline. In heavily altered inclusions, the major part of internal areas (50 to 80% in volume) are replaced by nepheline. In some moderately and heavily altered inclusions, only diopside rims remain unaltered. Textural relationships indicate that the resistance of primary phases to alteration increases in the order melilite, fassaite, spinel, diopside. The alteration probably proceeded with reaction of the primary phases with the low-temperature (≤ 1000 K) nebular gas rich in Na, Fe and CI. The degree of alteration in Y791717 CAIs appears to be much higher than those in CAIs in other reported meteorites. 相似文献
537.
太湖北部沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态危害评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对太湖底北部表层20cm深沉积物样进行了重金属元素含量(Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr)分析,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数对其生态危害进行了评价:结果表明,沉积物表层5cm深以来Hg、Cd、Ph元素含量增加比较显著,生态危害指数比较高,构成了沉积物中等危害,其原因可能与太湖北部梅梁湾周围大量工业和生活废水未经处理直接排放相关。 相似文献
538.
Mingrui Qiang Fahu Chen Jiawu Zhang Ruiping Zu Ming Jin Aifeng Zhou Shun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(7):1229-1238
Samples of surface deposits in the Lake Sugan catchment, as well as surface lake sediments, eolian materials occulted in the
lake ice cover, and airborne dust were collected for grain-size analysis. The results show that the coarse fraction of the
lake sediments could be transported by ambient winds and to a lesser extent by river flow in the study area. Sediment cores
were retrieved from Lake Sugan in December 2000, and 210Pb and 137Cs dating and grain-size analyses were performed on these samples. 210Pb ages and the volume percentage of the fraction of lake sediments >63 μm were used to reconstruct the dust storm history
from 1957 to 2000. Observational data for dust storm events collected at a local meteorological station largely agrees with
the reconstructed trend for the past 44 years, suggesting that lake sediments can be employed to trace the dust storm history
of the northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
539.
苏干湖沉积物粒度组成记录尘暴事件的初步研究* 总被引:6,自引:13,他引:6
文章通过分析苏干湖表层沉积物、流域表层沉积物、大气降尘以及湖泊冰面囚固碎屑颗粒等的粒度组成,比较了流域地表沉积与湖泊沉积物粒度组成的差异和苏干湖表层沉积粒度组成的空间变化。初步认为苏干湖沉积物粗颗粒组分(>63μm)主要由风力搬运入湖,>63μm组分的含量可以用来指示研究区尘暴事件的演化。结合湖泊沉积岩芯纹层计数年龄,重建的1000年来尘暴演化历史显示,在1210A.D.之前尘暴事件较弱,且变化幅度较小;1210A.D.以来则表现出高频率或者高强度,其中13世纪上半叶以及17世纪的高值段与东部降尘变化历史一致。就气候变化的特征时段(中世纪暖期、小冰期等)而言,尘暴事件主要与气候变冷情况下较强的盛行风场有关;而极端干旱区有效湿度的增加可能有利于地表粉尘的释放,助长了尘暴事件的发生。 相似文献
540.