南海台风边界层湍流小波分析

利用小波变换（WT）对香港天文台飞机观测台风“妮妲”（1604）资料进行分析,研究在不稳定、不均匀的台风边界层中湍流涡旋的垂直传输作用。在0.1～5 Hz惯性子区内横风和顺风分量功率谱密度能较好符合-5/3幂律。小波分析显示：横风的小波功率谱峰值集中在1 km之下,顺风分量的小波功率谱峰值集中在1～6km之间;眼区动量通量的主要贡献尺度为2.3 km,眼区外主要贡献尺度在1～2 km,中低层为较小尺度（<1.0km）;湍流功能(TKE)的生成尺度主要集中在4 km之下。这项研究定量描述了南海北部台风边界层各个区域湍流结构的差异特征,讨论了对台风边界层通量参数化的可能影响。     

Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones(TCs) over the western North Pacific(WNP) are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m(MWS_(10)) from an ensemble of15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS_(10) are similar in the WNP and South China Sea(SCS); however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS(1.93 h) is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP(2.83 h). The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations,and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit(2008). The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.     

Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies over the South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS) is an eddy-active area. Composite analyses based on 438 mesoscale ocean eddies during 2000–2012 revealed the status of the atmospheric boundary layer is influenced remarkably by such eddies. The results showed cold-core cyclonic(warm-core anticyclonic) eddies tend to cool(warm) the overlying atmosphere and cause surface winds to decelerate(accelerate). More than 5% of the total variance of turbulent heat fluxes, surface wind speed and evaporation rate are induced by mesoscale eddies. Furthermore, mesoscale eddies locally affect the columnar water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Dynamical analyses indicated that both variations of atmospheric boundary layer stability and sea level pressure are responsible for atmospheric anomalies over mesoscale eddies. To reveal further details about the mechanisms of atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies, atmospheric manifestations over a pair of cold and warm eddies in the southwestern SCS were simulated. Eddy-induced heat flux anomalies lead to changes in atmospheric stability. Thus, anomalous turbulence kinetic energy and friction velocity arise over the eddy dipole, which reduce(enhance) the vertical momentum transport over the cold(warm) eddy, resulting in the decrease(increase) of sea surface wind. Diagnoses of the model's momentum balance suggested that wind speed anomalies directly over the eddy dipole are dominated by vertical mixing terms within the atmospheric boundary layer, while wind anomalies on the edges of eddies are produced by atmospheric pressure gradient forces and atmospheric horizontal advection terms.     

An integrated analytical model of subsidence induced by level seam extractions

Summary The principle of the influence function method based on the stochastic theory in combination with variable functional parameters is introduced. The discretization technique used in the finite element method is adopted to form the extraction elements, based on which an integrated analysis of subsidence, horizontal displacement, strain, slope and curvature is performed. The results from the analytical model and those from Subsidence Engineers' Handbook (SEH) are compared. The application of the model for predicting level seam extraction subsidence is demonstrated for some UK coal field cases.Lecturer, Huainan Mining Institute, P.R. China, doing research work at the Department of Mining Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK, from October 1989 to October 1990.     

Late Quaternary Slip Behavior of the Jinqianghe Fault in the Middle Qilian–Haiyuan Fault Zone, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has been the source of strong earthquakes in the region. In its middle segment, the Jinqianghe fault is an important active fault within the Tianzhu seismic gap; however, little is known about its slip behavior. To present a new horizontal displacement distribution along this fault, we used WorldView-2 stereo pairs and unmanned aerial vehicle-based photogrammetry to construct digital elevation models to obtain a detailed tectono-geomorphic interpretation and geomorphic offsets. The offset marker measurements yielded 135 geomorphic displacements and 8 offset clusters. Radiocarbon dating was used to establish the regional age sequence of the geomorphic units in offset fluvial terraces at four study sites. The displacements and ages linked the offset clusters with the geomorphic unit sequence; the Holocene strike-slip rate of the Jinqianghe fault was estimated to 4.8–5.6 mm/a at ~4–12 ka and 2.9–4.7 mm/a from ~4 ka. Three recent earthquakes (with a recurrence interval of ~1000 years) represent an active seismic period, revealing the potential seismic hazard along this fault because it has not ruptured in the last 1500 years.     

基于事件触发和欺骗攻击的多智能体一致性控制

本文研究了基于事件触发和欺骗攻击的多智能体一致性问题.为了降低智能体间无线通信网络负载,本文引入事件触发机制来减少智能体之间通信的冗余数据传输量.由于智能体间无线通信网络易遭受网络攻击,因此考虑无线通信网络环境下欺骗攻击的影响,建立了一类基于事件触发和欺骗攻击的多智能体系统数学模型.基于此模型,通过利用Lyapunov稳定性理论、多智能体一致性理论和线性矩阵不等式技术分别给出多智能体一致性控制的稳定性条件和控制器设计算法.最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提出设计方法的有效性.     

综合地球物理方法在山前隐伏断裂探测中的应用——以巍山—长山南坡断裂为例

针对探测山前隐伏断裂复杂困难的特点,以巍山—长山南坡断裂为例,采用浅层地震勘探和高密度电法勘探等地球物理方法并结合钻孔联合地质剖面资料,对巍山—长山南坡断裂的隐伏段的准确位置和活动性进行研究,确定断层的准确位置和产状等。研究结果表明,巍山—长山南坡断裂在唐山市区的隐伏段为S倾的正断层,倾角约78°,断距约3 m,上断点埋深约19 m;该断裂在市区的隐伏段为中更新世断裂,晚更新世以来不活动。     

高密度电阻率法中二极装置的一些理论与实验研究结果

本文提出高密度二极视电阻率测量的方法技术，并根据理论计算及实验研究结果，论证了方法的有效性，证实了高密度二极测量兼有剖面和测深的效果．由于采用了多道连续测量的技术，将增强克服干扰的能力，提高实际观测精度和野外工作效率．     

居留南极对考察队员血浆色氨酸及尿中5－羟吲哚乙酸水平的影响

为探讨南极考察队员行为／性格变化的物质基础，观察了驻长城站考察队员血浆色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）与尿中５－羟吲哚乙酸（５－ＨＩＡＡ）变化。第８次队及第１１次队两批队员变化规律相同，即血浆Ｔｒｐ降低，尿中排出５－ＨＩＡＡ增加，血浆Ｔｒｐ变化较尿排出５－ＨＩＡＡ变化出现早，恢复慢。本文讨论了血浆Ｔｒｐ、尿中５－ＨＩＡＡ变化与行为／性格变化间可能的关系     

基于实体模型的三维GIS矢量数据管理

三维城市景观系统和三维城市地质系统的融合是城市GIS的发展趋势,提出了一种针对真三维城市GIS的基于实体的三维矢量空间数据模型,并设计了相应的数据结构和数据管理器。