滩涂地形测绘产品质量检验方法研究

滩涂地形测绘产品精度直接影响资料分析和应用的准确性,确保滩涂地形测量成果的质量和精度,滩涂地形测绘产品检验工作就尤为重要。简单介绍了滩涂地形测量范围、测量方法、技术标准等,并以上海市滩涂地形测量产品为例,详细探讨滩涂地形测量产品质量检验方法,以指导今后的滩涂地形测量工作。     

Relationship Between the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dominant Small Pelagic Fishes and Environmental Factors in Mauritanian Waters

The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes,including chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus),horse mackerel(Trachurus trecae)and round sardinella(Sardinella aurita),and the environmental factors in Mauritanian waters were analyzed by using 4 years of logbook data of commercial purse seine fisheries to improve the efficiency of fishery and management of sustainable exploitation.A Tweedie-generalized additive model(GAM)of 8-day average catches and the monthly geostatistical analysis of daily catches were used in this study to analyze the influence of environmental factors on catch per unit of effort(CPUEs)and to map the spatial distribution of three mixed dominant small pelagic fishes,respectively.A 10'×10' grid was used,and environmental factors were processed from remote sensing,including 8-day average sea surface temperature(SST),the nearest distance between SST fronts and CPUE position(Df),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,salinity,and eddy kinetic energy.Results showed that 1)the distribution of three dominant small pelagic fishes might be related to the intensity of upwelling in Mauritanian waters;2)oceanic fronts might play a key role in the ecology of chub mackerel,horse mackerel,and round sardinella;3)Chl-a concentration might be associated with the feeding grounds of chub mackerel;4)the target species distribution appeared sensitive to gradient changes in the amount of salinity;5)three zones(northern,central,and southern)with variable abundances were delineated;and 6)a high concentration of the center of gravity in the central zone might be related to the strong upwelling of nutrient-rich waters.This study can provide new insights to enhance the fishery efficiency and sustainable exploitation management of purse seiners in certain area off Mauritania.     

土地利用变化对亚热带山地红壤团聚体有机碳的影响

研究土地利用变化对土壤团聚体有机碳的影响。对福建省建瓯市山地红壤的农业利用(坡耕地、茶园、桔园)、林业利用(杉木、木荷、封育)不同土层(0~10 cm、10~20 cm)土壤团聚体有机碳含量与有机碳贮量进行研究。结果表明:不同土地利用方式土壤团聚体呈现粒径越小,有机碳含量越高的规律,其中木荷有机碳含量最高,茶园最小。林地随着粒径增加,土壤团聚体碳贮量呈增加的趋势,>2 mm团聚体有机碳贮量最高。土壤总有机碳增加主要受到大团聚体有机碳增加的影响。亚热带山地红壤内林地开垦为农业用地导致土壤及其团聚体中有机碳大幅度下降。     

ERA5海面气压和风速再分析资料在渤海和北黄海适用性分析

利用渤海和北黄海9个站位浮标的海面10 m气压和风速观测资料对ERA5再分析资料的适用性进行了初步评估。结果表明：海面气压和风速再分析资料与观测资料具有良好的相关性,不同时间尺度的统计结果具有一定差异,累年逐月的相关性优于日均和日极值,极端天气下的相关系数最低。不同时间尺度的统计结果显示,气压再分析资料与观测值的偏差总体为负值,即高压再分析资料较观测值偏弱、低压再分析资料较观测值偏强,二者存在一定的系统性偏差;风速统计结果显示,偏差与风力级别有关,大风速时,风速再分析资料普遍小于观测值。累年逐月再分析资料反映了研究区气压和风速的季节变化特征,偏差也呈现出季节性变化,且冬季的适用性优于夏季;极端天气情况下,气压和风速再分析资料的适用性较差,需要开展进一步的订正处理。     

矿物裂变径迹年龄与青藏高原隆升速率研究

本文通过对青藏高原冈底斯花岗岩带中段花岗闪长岩中不同矿物裂变径迹年龄研究表明,青藏高原南部的隆升是分阶段的,从岩体就位到约30Ma为高原缓慢隆升阶段,30Ma-7Ma期间高原隆升速度加快,7Ma以来高原快速隆升;结合已有的有关青藏高原不同地区隆升速率、时限研究成果认为,青藏高原的隆升具有整体性、阶段性、加速性和区域的不均衡性。      

滇西南曼信夭折堆积岩的确认及其意义

产于滇西南孟连曼信的苦橄岩,前人定为苦橄玢岩岩脉。经研究发现该苦橄岩普遍发育堆积结构,同时又普遍发育枕状构造且基质具淬火结构,并且与石炭纪洋脊型－准洋脊型玄武岩具有成因演化关系。这表明该苦橄岩不是岩脉,而是水下喷出相的夭折堆积岩,是因洋底扩张速度改变而导致岩浆房状态改变的结果,这也为澜沧江洋的扩张作用提供了佐证。     

Human exploitation of carnivores in Pleistocene China: A case study of the faunal remains from Shuidonggou Locality 7

Hominin-animal interactions at Pleistocene archaeological sites have been the main subject of research during human evolution. However, in contrast to that of ungulates, little is known about the evidence of human processing of carnivore species in this time interval of China. In this paper, we present the first case report of an interactive relationship between carnivore species and hunter-gathers in Pleistocene China, based mainly on a detailed taphonomic study of the faunal remains from Shuidonggou Locality 7. It seems highly probable that hominins butchered some individuals of carnivores and roasted bone elements with adhering meat at the site;whereas it’s equally feasible that these animals were exploited by hominins mainly for their pelt or fur. In either way, evidence from the site indicates novel strategies in adaptive behaviors adopted by Late Pleistocene foragers in harsh environments of Northwest China.     

周口店田园洞MIS3阶段古人类生存环境

周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址,年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动时间发生在40~38.5 kaBP前,属MIS3阶段。对田园洞洞穴堆积物的哺乳动物群、磁化率、黏土矿物和氧化物等进行分析和测试,结果表明,田园洞堆积物总体上为在重力作用下,洞穴围岩崩塌充填而成;洞穴发育和充填经过了洞穴发育—快速充填—稳定沉积—充填完成4个阶段,对应的气候环境经历了冷湿—温暖—干冷—温暖湿润的变化过程。古人类活动于快速充填期,气候比较温暖湿润,动植物资源丰富,有利于古人类生存活动。田园洞古人类生存环境研究对揭示北京周口店地区MIS3阶段古人类生存环境具有重要意义。     

长江口横沙浅滩冲淤演变特征分析

横沙浅滩作为长江口前沿滩涂湿地的重要组成部分,是“上海市长远发展战略空间”的预留区,掌握其滩涂演变规律对该地区的资源保护及合理开发具有重要的参考价值。基于2005—2021年长江口实测水下地形数据,定量分析研究了横沙浅滩地形演变过程,及其对周边河口工程建设和水沙条件变化的响应。研究结果表明：横沙浅滩近年来整体呈现“长高长不大”的演化格局,中、东部区域明显淤高,沙体向海延伸与河口泥沙滞流点的向外海移动关系紧密。流域输沙量锐减是横沙浅滩滞涨的重要原因,滩面北沿和深水航道北侧冲刷明显,造成N23堤顶冲坑的扩大与滩面潮水沟的贯通。深水航道工程与横沙东滩促淤圈围工程的建设是潮水沟与N23堤顶冲坑迅速发育的主要原因。     

城市地下管网三维信息管理系统设计与实现

将GIS技术应用于城市地下综合管网信息管理,对城市地下综合管网信息实现了有效组织管理、专题生产的自动化和可视化的查询、统计、分析、应用,提高了城市地下综合管网信息的管理水平.