Geochemistry of Palaeoproterozoic Metasedimentary Rocks from the Zhong-tiao Mountains, North China Craton: Implications for Weathering, Sorting, Diagenesis, Provenance and Tectonic Setting

The geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Palaeoproterozoie metasedimentary rocks from the Jiangxian and Zhongtiao Groups, distributed in the Zhongtiao Mountains in the North China Craton, have been carried out in order to evaluate the provenance, and tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin.     

Tectonic Evolution and Continental Growth in Altai Orogen, China: Constrained by Geochronology and Nd Isotopic Mapping of Intrusions

The Central Asia Orogenic Belt is the world's largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. The Altai orogen was key to understand the orogeny. Voluminous intrusions occur in the Chinese Altai orogen.     

Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals

Excluding the sponges the Kingdom Animalia is usually divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The Cambrian Explosion consists of three major episodes, two of which were in the early Early Cambrian (one represented by the small skeletal fossils “SSFs” at the base of the Cambrian and the other represented by the succeeding Chengjiang faunas “CFs”), and the other episode as their prelude took place in the “Eocambrian” (i.e. the latest Precambrian), represented by the Ediacaran faunas. This unique Big Bang of life has been recognized as giving birth to the entire morphological Tree Of Animals (or metazoans), in short the TOA. Its “seed” in the deep Precambrian, represented by some sort of protist from which the complete TOA must have grown, remains unknown paleontologically. However, the fossil evidence suggests that the three major episodes of the Cambrian Explosion are responsible for the earliest radiations of the three subkingdoms of animals respectively. While the observed Ediacaran fauna might constitute only a small part of the whole Ediacaran biota, our evidence supports that it was dominated by diploblasts (the “trunk” of the TOA) with only a few possible stem-group triploblasts. The Early Cambrian in turn in two phases explosively yielded almost all the major triploblastic crown-branches (Bilateria: the huge “crown” of the TOA), which include the other two subkingdoms: first the extremely diverse protostomes in the Meishucunian Age and then followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes from the Chengjiang, including even its most derived member – the earliest true vertebrates. Among the four most significant milestones of morphological origins and radiations in animal history, the first one (i.e. appearance of metazoans) took place in the Ediacaran Period or earlier times, and the other three can be seen in the windows available from the Chengjiang and the Meishucunian fossil assemblages. The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia, which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division, most probably represents one of the roots of the deuterostome subkingdom. Showing a mosaic of basic features possessed in both the bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms, the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of the roots of the extant pentamerous echinoderms. Standing on the “top” of the deuterostome super-branch in the early Cambrian TOA are the “the first fish” Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, which bear paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae. These animals represent the real root of the remainder of the vertebrates or craniates. On the contrary, yunnanozoans, including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella, possess neither eyes nor unequivocal vertebrae, and may have nothing to do with the craniates, let alone the vertebrates. Those enigmatic creatures share a similar body-plan with vetulicolians and should be treated as a side-branch within the lower deuterostomes.     

云南个旧拉丁尼克期玄武岩地球化学特征及其大地构造背景

个旧地区拉丁尼克期火山岩的地质、地球化学特征研究表明:该期玄武岩的岩石类型为杏仁状斑状纤闪石化玄武岩,属于硅不饱和、富碱、高钛,镁、铁偏高,铝偏低,具有大陆碱性橄榄玄武岩的组分特征.该玄武岩为陆内拉张环境下基性程度高、分异程度低的幔源岩浆分异的产物,形成于大陆板内裂谷环境,并与拉裂作用有关.     

造山带沉积盆地构造原型恢复

沉积盆地是造山带中最为重要的构造单元之一,其中分布有丰富的矿产资源.这些盆地的构造原型恢复可为造山带的构造演化、板块构造重建和区域找矿提供重要依据.盆地充填物的组成(包括矿床)、时代、物源区及充填序列是进行造山带古沉积盆地构造原型恢复的基础.通过沉积相、砂岩/砾岩碎屑组成、碎屑时代、构造环境、碎屑重矿物、细碎屑岩的地球化学组成、古水流、生物组合等方面对盆地充填物形成的沉积环境、沉积物源区、形成时代和盆地基底属性进行综合研究,借助对现代沉积盆地的研究结果和沉积盆地的构造分类原则,恢复造山带内古沉积盆地的构造原型.     

洞穴完井工艺在寿阳地区煤层气钻井中的应用

洞穴完井工艺包括钻井、完井、排水采气等工序,为提高煤层渗透率,最大限度的保证煤层气解析与运移,洞穴完井一般要求有效井径3-4m,及一定范围的破碎带。远东能源公司为开采寿阳地区15#煤层中的煤层气,部署了4口生产井．其井身设计为三开结构。钻井主要设备为T685WS顶驱车载钻机及多台不同型号的空压机,采用潜孔锤冲击钻进．以空气、空气泡沫为冲洗介质,钻进至15#目标煤层底板以下46m处完钻,然后利用可伸缩式扩孔器进行扩孔。在扩孔至距三开井底8～10m时．开始采用空气和清水憋压,通过瞬间释放压力,使煤层坍塌,如此反复,至造穴直径达到要求。由于严格按照技术标准及操作流程作业,采取的技术措施合理,4口井均已顺利投入生产,增产效果显著。可见该种洞穴完井技术的应用,不仅可以保护煤层原生结构及环境,并且还能减少煤层气射孔、压裂等环节的费用．对于煤层气井施工具有重要的经济意义。     

南京市首级高程控制网的建立及跨江水准的研究

本文首先介绍了南京市首级高程控制网的概况,接着重点讨论了跨江水准测量方法的选择,并全面分析了测距三角高程法影响精度的三个因素,结合南京市首级高程控制网全面介绍了数据处理的有关问题。     

一种基于双重距离的空间聚类方法

传统聚类方法大都是基于空间位置或非空间属性的相似性来进行聚类,分裂了空间要素固有的二重特性,从而导致了许多实际应用中空间聚类结果难以同时满足空间位置毗邻和非空间属性相近。然而,兼顾两者特性的空间聚类方法又存在算法复杂、结果不确定以及不易扩展等问题。为此,本文通过引入直接可达和相连概念,提出了一种基于双重距离的空间聚类方法,并给出了基于双重距离空间聚类的算法,分析了算法的复杂度。通过实验进一步验证了基于双重距离空间聚类算法不仅能发现任意形状的类簇,而且具有很好的抗噪性。     

皖南变质岩中的疑源类、孢粉化石组合及其地质意义

皖南变质岩区地层原被认为属江南古陆的一部分,时代定为中、晚元古代。本文根据其中所含的Asperatopsophosphaera?sp.,Trachysphaeridium sp.,Nucellosphaeridium sp.,Lophosphaeridium sp.,Leiosphaeridia sp.,Baltisphaeridium spp.,Micrhystridium spp.和scolecodonts等疑源类和其它微体化石及笔者等以前发现的Lingulacea总面貌反映的时代,判断其中部分变质地层的时代应为晚元古代—早古生代和早古生代。同时还根据Crassispora sp.,Kraeuselisporites sp.和Lueckisporites ef.virkkiae Potonie ＆ Klaus,Triquitritessp.等孢粉化石组合面貌反映的时代,推断其中尚有一部分为晚古生代地层。因此认为本区是一个从晚元古代—早古生代开始到中生代结束的碰撞型造山带,而不是一个古陆。     

卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞体外抗癌活性及机制探讨

目的:研究卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞株的体外增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：将C6大鼠胶质瘤细胞随机分为对照组、卫矛醇干预组、卫矛醇+雷帕霉素组、卫矛醇+3-MA组,各组予不同药物孵育,采用MTT法检测卫矛醇对C6细胞的体外增殖抑制率,筛选出抑制率相对较高且生长状态良好的细胞;应用Hoechest 33342染色透射电镜观察细胞凋亡亚显微结构的改变,采用免疫荧光和Western Blot技术检测与凋亡和自噬相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:卫矛醇对C6胶质瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,并呈现出良好的浓度-效应相关性,与对照组比较,随着浓度的增加,细胞的增殖抑制率上升(P＜0.01);Hoechst染色结果显示,与对照组相比,共同孵育卫矛醇24 h后的C6细胞出现明显的核固缩现象,证明有大量的细胞出现凋亡;Western Blot结果显示,与对照组相比,促凋亡基因Bax表达上调,抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达下调。结论:卫矛醇能够抑制C6细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调Bax、下调Bcl-2有关。