Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils

In Korea, soils adjacent to abandoned mines are commonly contaminated by heavy metals present in mine tailings. Further, the disposal of oyster shell waste by oyster farm industries has been associated with serious environmental problems. In this study, we attempted to remediate cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soils typical of those commonly found adjacent to abandoned mines using oyster shell waste as a soil stabilizer. Natural oyster shell powder (NOSP) and calcined oyster shell powder (COSP) were applied as soil amendments to immobilize Cd and Pb. The primary components of NOSP and COSP are calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and calcium oxide (CaO), respectively. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope analyses conducted in this study revealed that the calcination of NOSP at 770°C converted the less reactive CaCO₃ to the more reactive CaO. The calcination process also decreased the sodium content in COSP, indicating that it was advantageous to use COSP as a liming material in agricultural soil. After 30 days of incubation, we found that the 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd and Pb contents in soil decreased significantly as a result of an increase in the soil pH and the formation of metal hydroxides. COSP was more effective in immobilizing Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil than NOSP. Overall, the results of this study suggest that oyster shell waste can be recycled into an effective soil ameliorant.     

Correction: Feasibility of nitrate reduction combined with persulfate oxidation in the remediation of groundwater contaminated by gasoline

Hydrogeology Journal -     

Field Measurement of Stresses of Floor Slabs in Excavations

This paper presents field measurement of stresses of floor slabs in excavations. During the study, a typical measurement-section was selected, and concrete strain meters were embedded so as to make stress measurement for floor slabs. Effect of the excavation of adjacent foundation pit for existing structure was discussed deeply. What’s more, the stability of floor slabs was evaluated. Finally, it could be concluded as follows: With the increase of the excavation depth, the excavation of the Transfer Hall Foundation Pit (THFP) had large effect on the internal force of floor slabs beside it, however, such influence tended to be smaller for the foundation pit far from the Transfer Hall (TH);. According to the strain data from field measurement, safety factors of floor slabs were calculated, which turned out to meet national code (JGJ 120-2012). Meanwhile, it can be concluded that floor slabs were in the safe status. In the end, the variation relation of their internal force, which would provide some references for the design and construction of similar projects in future, was obtained.     

Stability of ilmenite and titanomagnetite in the presence of carbon dioxide — A thermodynamic evaluation

The stability of ilmenite and titanomagnetite in the presence of CO₂ gas was evaluated thermodynamically. Ilmenite with a composition Ilm₉₀Hm₁₀ breaks down to the assemblage siderite-hematite-anatase below 270° C at 1,000 bars and below 300° C at 2,000 bars. Titanomagnetite with a composition Usp₅₀Mt₅₀ breaks down to the same assemblage below 345° C at 1,000 bars and below 385° C at 2,000 bars. During the low-grade metamorphism of basaltic rocks, a CO₂ partial pressure of only a few hundreds bars is sufficient to alter ilmenite and titanomagnetite to the assemblage siderite-hematite-anatase.     

中亚巴尔喀什成矿带晚古生代岩浆活动与斑岩铜矿成矿时代

巴尔喀什成矿带是中亚成矿域重要的晚古生代斑岩铜钼成矿带。通过该成矿带科翁腊德、博尔雷和阿克斗卡地区与斑岩铜成矿作用密切相关的花岗斑岩类岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,主量、稀土和微量元素地球化学,Sr、Nd同位素示踪分析,进一步厘定了斑岩铜成矿作用的时代,并推测了板块构造环境。斑岩铜成矿时代分为两期：早期约为327 Ma,形成科翁腊德和阿克斗卡超大型斑岩铜矿床;晚期约为316 Ma,形成博尔雷大型斑岩铜矿床。与成矿有关的斑岩类主要为高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,可能为火山岛弧环境,部分具有埃达克岩特征和经典岛弧花岗岩类特征。斑岩类ε_Sr(t)和ε_Nd(t)的变化范围分别为-6.35~34.03和-0.46~5.53。其中,科翁腊德-博尔雷地区斑岩类来源于亏损地幔与大陆地壳表层物质（老地壳物质）的显著混染作用,而阿克斗卡地区斑岩类直接来自于亏损地幔。将巴尔喀什成矿带与我国西准噶尔成矿带进行了对比,认为可能属于同一个晚古生代斑岩铜钼成矿带。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系“网毯式”成藏机制剖析及其对盆地油气勘探的启示

与油气通常近源聚集不同,准噶尔盆地西部车排子凸起新近系为特殊的远源成藏.其成藏的机制是什么?是否具有普遍性?如何进行勘探?本文从其充注特征和输导体系人手,剖析了成藏机制与富集特征,进而系统描述评价了准噶尔盆地宏观输导格架,预测此类油气藏的勘探潜力与有利方向.研究表明,车排子凸起新近系远源成藏是”网毯式”体系高效输导的结果,准噶尔盆地多期构造运动与”砂-泥二元结构”沉积背景促使普遍发育网毯式输导体系.网毯输导体系控制了准噶尔盆地50％以上数量的油气聚集,网毯式成藏是盆地内一种非常重要的成藏类型.毯-源关系表现为侧向或纵向直接沟通样式、断层沟通或接力样式、断层-中转层接力样式、断层-不整合接力样式等4种样式.分析毯-藏空间关系,存在毯边、毯尖、毯中削截、毯中背斜、毯中坡折、毯中断块、毯上断块、毯上岩性、毯上地层等9种毯砂油气藏与毯上相关油气藏类型.准噶尔盆地网毯式油气藏具有很大的勘探潜力,应重视并采取以网毯输导体系刻画评价为核心的研究与部署思路,大力推进此种类型油气藏的勘探.     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩成因及构造背景

对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩进行系统的地球化学及 Sr--Nd 同位素研究,并对其岩石成因及构造意义进行了讨论。结果表明,该斑状花岗岩为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列的准铝质花岗岩; 岩石富碱、轻稀土和 Ｒb、Th、U、K、Pb 等大离子亲石元素,贫 Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf 等高场强元素,具有中等铕负异常。岩石锶初始值为 0. 715 61 ～0. 722 07,εNd( t) 为 －13. 9 ～ －12. 7,Nd 同位素模式年龄为2 025 ～2 153 Ma。揭示欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩为同碰撞 S 型花岗岩,主要来源于古老地壳物质的重熔,是 Kalahari 克拉通和 Congo 克拉通碰撞造山的产物。     

论大陆岩石圈内的垂直转换断层

近些年来,地震测深和重力测量方法揭示出大陆岩石圈内存在一组穿透地壳并延深到上地幔的高角度断裂,经厘定,被命名为垂直转换断层(vertical trans-form fault)。原只认为它们存在于高亚洲,包括青藏高原。本文表明其也出现于低亚洲西伯利亚平原。大陆岩石圈内是否普遍存在垂直转换断层以及它们在大陆岩石圈动力学研究中的意义,是今后构造地质学研究的方向之一。      

Nd, Sr and O Isotopic Study on Spilite-Keratophyre in Xiqiu,,Zhejiang Province, China

Nd, Sr and O isotopic study on the spilite-keratophyre sequence in Xiqiu shows that its ∈_(Nd) values are inthe range of 4.02-5.26, and its ∈_(Sr) values, +1.4-2.6. According to the points of these data in the ∈_(Nd)-T,∈_(Sr)-T and ∈_(Nd)-∈_(Sr) diagrams, the spilite-keratophyre is interpreted as being slightly contaminated by crustalmaterials. Its δ~(18)O values are 3.9-5.0‰. The depletion of ~(18)O in the rocks resulted from the influence ofseawater hydrothermal alteration during or soon after the rock formation. Based on the isotopic characteristicsand available geochemical data, it is believed that the spilite-keratophyre was formed in the well-developedisland-arc environment during the Late Proterozoic subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath thesoutheastern margin of the Yangtze massif.