养殖对虾暴发性流行病—中国对虾肝胰腺坏死病研究

1993年我国沿海各省市养殖对虾发生了暴发性流行病,造成了极大的损失。本文报导我们在浙江省舟山市调查和研究的结果,发现肝胰腺坏死杆状病毒和弧菌并发感染是引起对虾死亡的主要原因。     

Seismic traveltime inversion of 3D velocity model with triangulated interfaces

Seismic traveltime tomographic inversion has played an important role in detecting the internal structure of the solid earth. We use a set of blocks to approximate geologically complex media that cannot be well described by layered models or cells. The geological body is described as an aggregate of arbitrarily shaped blocks, which are separated by triangulated interfaces. We can describe the media as homogenous or heterogeneous in each block. We define the velocities at the given rectangle grid points for each block, and the heterogeneous velocities in each block can be calculated by a linear interpolation algorithm. The parameters of the velocity grid positions are independent of the model parameterization, which is advantageous in the joint inversion of the velocities and the node depths of an interface. We implement a segmentally iterative ray tracer to calculate traveltimes in the 3D heterogeneous block models. The damped least squares method is employed in seismic traveltime inversion, which includes the partial derivatives of traveltime with respect to the depths of nodes in the triangulated interfaces and velocities defined in rectangular grids. The numerical tests indicate that the node depths of a triangulated interface and homogeneous velocity distributions can be well inverted in a stratified model.     

哈尔滨宾县砂砾石剖面沉积物组成及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年：对沉积环境和区域构造演化的指示

黑龙江宾县宁远镇中阳村剖面的砂砾石堆积过去被认为是哈尔滨地区第四纪下限的罗家窝棚组地层,对于其地层属性和沉积环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文在野外考察的基础上,利用沉积学、矿物学、地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年对这套砂砾石堆积剖面进行研究,对其化学风化特征、源岩性质、沉积环境以及构造背景进行讨论。结果表明,这套砾石地层分选和磨圆较差,风化程度较低,无定向性排列,砾石以花岗岩（63%）、石英砂岩（22%）为主;钛铁矿（22.5%）是最主要重矿物,其次是锆石（17.4%）、赤褐铁矿（13.4%）,其它重矿物含量较少。元素地球化学揭示,沉积物中的细颗粒组分经历了中-低等的化学风化过程,大部分沉积物经历了首次循环。砾石岩性和地球化学组成共同揭示了沉积物主要来源于长英质母岩。元素地球化学的迁移与富集以及古气候判别图解指示沉积物是干热气候条件下的近距离搬运的冲洪积物。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布在较窄的范围（208~129 Ma,峰值年龄~180 Ma）,与周围潜在源区锆石年龄对比,结合地貌位置,确定其物源区位于张广才岭余脉哈尔滨东南部低山丘陵带。早侏罗世源区受到古太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响,形成大陆边缘的构造背景,哈尔滨东南低山丘陵带经历了隆升和岩浆活动。与罗家窝棚组标准地层的沉积学特征对比存在明显差异,推测宁远剖面形成时间要晚于罗家窝棚组,与白土山组大致相当。这项研究对于哈尔滨地区第四纪地层的划分具有重要意义。

     

硅灰石、透辉石在陶瓷中的基本反应和作用

本文以硅灰石和高岭石、透辉石和高岭石为端元组分,推导了二元假相图。根据这两个假相图,提出了四个基本固相反应。用这些基本反应以及硅灰石、透辉石的矿物学性质,说明了它们对陶瓷坯体工艺性能的作用。     

福建南靖九宝曲华安玉矿成矿机理初探

华安玉又名九龙璧,即色彩鲜艳具条带状构造的（绿帘石）透辉石长英质角岩,其形成主要受地层、构造及侵入岩等因素的控制。从华安玉矿的成因人手,对华安玉矿的成矿机理进行初步探讨。     

珠江口盆地流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的地震反射特征及成因探讨

早中新世东沙隆起带上发育了大规模的流花碳酸盐台地,上覆巨厚未固结-弱固结泥岩。基于三维地震数据,利用相干体及可视化等方法,在台地上发现了由溶蚀垮塌作用形成的数量众多的椭圆形的灰岩坑。灰岩坑直径一般为200~700 m,最大超过900 m,深度10~90 m;灰岩坑在地震反射上表现为碳酸盐岩顶部垮塌,并导致上覆泥岩地层塌陷;灰岩坑一般沿NWW向断层分布,这些NWW向断层切割中新世碳酸盐岩和上覆海相泥岩地层,绝大多数终止于T₁₀的不整合面。综合分析东沙海区构造和沉积过程认为：发生在晚中新世末期的东沙运动形成了NWW向张扭性断层,为酸性流体提供了运移通道和物质交换场所;东沙运动伴生的基底岩浆活动可能产生了酸性热液流体;东沙运动末期发生强烈的构造抬升和大规模海底暴露,造成地表水沿断层注入,加快了碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率。在台地底部珠海组砂岩层的高压流体、地表水和岩浆活动可能产生的酸性热液流体的共同溶蚀作用下,碳酸盐岩地层内部产生溶洞,并且越来越大,最终顶部无法承载上覆巨厚泥岩而发生垮塌,形成灰岩坑。流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的形成不是简单的暴露溶蚀,而是构造活动影响下深埋藏溶蚀作用的产物。     

北祁连块状硫化物矿床中矿石和主要矿石矿物地球化学特征

对北祁连山白银矿田和郭密寺矿田中主要矿床的矿石和矿石矿物组分特征研究表明，由于各矿田的成矿条件和地球化学背景存在差异，造成不同矿床的矿石和矿石矿物元素组合各具特色。但作为同一类型矿床，它们之间又有很多共性，特别是同一矿田内各矿床的地球化学特征具有相似性和过渡性，反映了成矿条件变化的趋势。     

High effectiveness of GRACE data in daily-scale flood modeling: case study in the Xijiang River Basin,China

Natural Hazards - The U.S. 2020 hurricane season was extraordinary because of a record number of named storms coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws lessons on how individual...     

Application of the weighted residual method to diffraction by 2-D canyons of arbitrary shape: I. Incident SH waves

A solution for the two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves by canyons of arbitrary shape in an elastic half space is presented. The wave field for arbitrary geometry in this paper is computed numerically by the method of weighted residues (moment method). The wave displacement field computed by the present residual method for the case of a semi-circular canyon was shown to agree analytically and numerically with that computed by the exact closed form series solution. The same observations about ground amplifications, their dependence on frequencies and orientations of the incident waves, can be stated here for canyons of arbitrary shape as previously made for circular canyons.     

Numerical study of lake-land breeze over lake vättern Sweden

This paper describes a two-dimensional lake breeze model with turbulent energy closure. The simulated results show that (1) the front of the lake breeze progresses inland faster in the late afternoon than at the fully developed stage; and (2) the lake breeze and land breeze have larger extension offshore than inland. The acce-leration of the front in the declining phase of the lake breeze is explained in terms of the decreased turbulent fric-tion acting on the head of the lake breeze. The larger extension offshore, probably, is attributed to the smaller roughness of water surface and to the offshore synoptic wind.