Quantification of spatial gradation of slope positions

Transition between slope positions (e.g., ridge, shoulder slope, back slope, foot slope, and valley) is often gradual. Quantification of spatial transitions or spatial gradations between slope positions can increase the accuracy of terrain parameterization for geographical or ecological modeling, especially for digital soil mapping at a fine scale. Current models for characterizing the spatial gradation of slope positions based on a gridded DEM either focus solely on the parameter space or depend on too many rules defined by topographic attributes, which makes such approaches impractical. The typical locations of a slope position contain the characteristics of the slope position in both parameter space and spatial context. Thus, the spatial gradation of slope positions can be quantified by comparing terrain characteristics (spatial and parametrical) of given locations to those at typical locations. Based on this idea, this paper proposes an approach to quantifying the spatial gradation of slope positions by using typical locations as prototypes. This approach includes two parts: the first is to extract the typical locations of each slope position and treat them as the prototypes of this position; and the second is to compute the similarity between a given location and the prototypes based on both local topographic attributes and spatial context. The new approach characterizes slope position gradation in both the attribute domain (i.e., parameter space) and the spatial domain (i.e., geographic space) in an easy and practicable way. Applications show that the new approach can quantitatively describe spatial gradations among a set of slope positions. Comparison of spatial gradation of A-horizon sand percentages with the quantified spatial gradation of slope positions indicates that the latter reflects slope processes, confirming the effectiveness of the approach. The comparison of a soil subgroup map of the study area with the maximum similarity map derived from the approach also suggests that the quantified spatial gradation of slope position can be used to aid geographical modeling such as digital soil mapping.     

东北地区泥炭表层沉积中植硅体分布特征

表土沉积物中的植硅体分析是了解第四纪沉积物中植硅体组成的重要途径,也是重建第四纪古环境的基础。对东北地区跨越3个气候带、6个地区的41处泥炭地表土中的植硅体进行提取,鉴定出东北泥炭表土中主要发育哑铃型、扇型、鞍型、方型、长方型、梯型、尖型、帽型、齿型、棒型和其它等11种植硅体类型。分析显示,它们的分布与纬度、地形和温热条件具有明显关系,即哑铃型、鞍型、扇型、方型、长方型和梯型植硅体随纬度和海拔较高而含量较小,其余类型反之;较高温度条件对应扇型、哑铃型植硅体含量较高,较高湿度对应扇型植硅体含量较高。     

山西堡子湾金矿床元素地球化学成矿预测研究

堡子湾金矿是华北地台北缘受印支－燕山期线性隐爆角砾岩带控制的金矿床,产于角砾岩体内,产状与角砾岩体基本一致,对该金矿进行了平面,剖面,纵投影面的元素地球化学研究,通过相关分析确定了最佳指示元素,建立了元素地球化学异常模式,进行了回归预测、用与金相关性最好的Ａｓ／Ｎｉ值进行了预测及综合预测,确定了有利的找矿部位。     

建造地下空间的新途径--同步爆扩成型地下空间和混凝土支护层

对于地下空间资源的开发利用,提出了同步爆扩成型地下空间和混凝土支护层的新方法。这一方法也可用于深基坑开挖与支护、地基处理、大面积开挖和地下水防治等岩土工程。     

一种研究城市发展对局地气候要素影响的新方法及其应用

针对气候成因的多样性提出了一种研究城市发展对局地气候要素影响的新方法,该方法采用方差分析和简化分波的手段,尽可能排除非城市发展因素对局地气候要素的影响。利用该方法,研究了合肥城市发展对局地气温的影响。结果表明：城市发展对气温的影响显著,并且主要表现为最低气温的显著增高。     

经济预测模型在土地规划中的应用与分析

主要介绍土地规划时需用到的几种预测模型 ,具体阐述了几种模型的原理 ,并以抚州地区的总人口历史数据为例 ,进行实际的预测与分析 ,从而总结各种模型的优缺点 ,选择最合适的土地规划预测模型。     

石家庄城市供水与气象条件

利用多元回归等统计方法逐月分析了气温、湿度、降水及风等气象因子与供水之间的关系 ,并对闷热指数、焚风等与供水量之间的相互关系和规律进行了分析 ,制作了短期供水预报。     

A Preliminary Interpretation of Near-field Observation Data of the Zhangbei Earthquake

In this paper, a preliminary data processing was made for tbe aftershock records or theZhangbei M6.2 earthquake on Jan. 10, 1998. The hypocenters of 205 earthquakes with M_L≥0.5 were located. The result shows that most aftershockS were concentrated in a more than10 km long and 5～8 km wide NE-trending beIt. The source mechanism solutions of largeraftersbocks were also calculated, from which it can be inferred that the faulted zone of themain shock is an NE-trending fault. Furthermore, the spectral analysis of P waves was made.The corner frequency is about 10 Hz.     

阶段递进地震预报思路及其应用

首先提供了１９９８年１０月云南宁蒗５．３级地震前所确认的孕震过程和主要前兆异常,以此为例阐述阶段递进的预报思路;这一项预报思路首先根据历史震例中区域应力场的活动轨迹,跟踪其当前加载区域和活动构造,以被加载区域预释放大于２倍均方差及３．０～４．９级地震时空丛集图象认孕震区的存在;以此孕震区为载体思考近源区各种前兆异常的内在相关性,利用发震概率计算模型和各种短临预报指标对发震概率Ｐ进行具体计算,以Ｐ≥     

多孔砖、粉煤灰砌块、火山渣砌块配筋墙体抗震性能试验研究

本文根据普通粘土砖墙体配置水平钢筋的研究成果,在空心多孔砖、粉煤灰砌块、火山渣混凝土砌块墙体中配置少量水平钢筋,研究它们在水平往复荷载及竖向荷载共同作用下的宏观破坏模式、抗剪强度、变形能力、钢筋效应等,为砌块承重房屋的抗震设计提供科学依据。