松辽盆地深部反射地震探查

概述了近年来用近垂直反射地震方法研究不同大地构造单元的地壳结构和深部构造问题所取得的基本成果，说明了在松辽盆地内所进行的两次深反射地震探查，包括位置、科学目标、资料采集、处理技术和基本结果，利用延长排列所得到的约42km长共炮点资料，求出松辽盆地地壳平均速度约为6.197km/s。通过初步解释，认为在上部地壳存在多组低角度断裂、中下部地壳构造具有更为复杂的震相、Moho震相比较清晰，多处出现与Moho震相斜交的震相。     

青藏高原东缘重力导纳模型均衡异常时空特征

青藏高原东缘地处南北地震带,在卫星自由空气重力异常图上对应明显的正负异常梯级带变化特征,沿着异常梯级带分布多条深大断裂,属于构造单元的边界区域.本文利用重力导纳分析方法,计算了该区重力导纳模型均衡异常背景场;通过与Airy模型和弹性板模型的均衡重力异常特征对比,结合地震活动性分布特点,评价均衡重力异常计算结果和选择计算...     

深部气层和干层测井模糊综合评判

深部气层和干层的区分是常规测井解释的难题。认识始于实践。本文依据东濮凹陷深层试采资料,建立了两个模式各四个参数的隶属度曲线,进行气层和干层模糊综合评判研究,并用该地区深层试井资料作了检验,效果颇佳。证明模糊综合评判是区分深部气层和干层的一种行之有效的方法。     

Soil column infiltration tests on biomediated capillary barrier systems for mitigating rainfall-induced landslides

Rainfall-induced landslide is a common geohazard in tropical and humid regions. Capillary barrier system (CBS) is a popular and widely studied mitigating measure for rainfall-induced landslides. However, several previous studies have shown that the performance of the conventional CBS under intense rainfalls has not been particularly convincing. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of a newly proposed system, known as “biomediated capillary barrier system” (B-CBS) in minimizing water infiltration into soil. A one-dimensional soil column was used to investigate the infiltration characteristics of the proposed system. The results showed that the B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying original residual soil (Test IV) could effectively control the infiltration into soil by taking advantage of the less-permeable biomediated soil cover. The B-CBS of biomediated residual soil overlying gravelly sand (Test V) and the three-layered B-CBS of fine sand overlying gravelly sand and biomediated residual soil (Test VI) showed the best performance in terms of minimizing the water infiltration. A suction of about 5 kPa still remained in the soil column after 60 min of infiltration from the ponded water on the soil surface.     

基于U形卷积神经网络的震相识别与到时拾取方法研究

精确获取震相到时是地震定位和地震走时成像等研究的重要基础.近年来,随着地震台站的不断加密,地震台网监测到的地震数量成倍增长,发展快速、准确、适用性强的震相到时自动拾取算法是地震行业的迫切需求.本文在前人工作基础上,发展了Pg、Sg震相自动识别与到时拾取的U网络算法（Unet_cea）,使用汶川余震和首都圈地震台网记录的89344个不同震级、不同信噪比的样本进行训练和测试.研究表明,U网络能够较好地识别Pg、Sg震相类型和拾取到时,Pg、Sg震相的正确识别率分别为81%和79.1%,与人工标注到时的均方根误差分别为0.41 s和0.54 s.U网络在命中率、均方根误差等性能指标上均明显优于STA/LTA和峰度分析自动拾取方法.研究获得的最优模型可以为区域地震台网的自动处理提供辅助.

     

1992年夏季苏州持续高温及其中期预报

分析１９５１年以来苏州夏季高温以及持续高温与厄尔尼诺、亚洲经向环流指数、副高强度指数的关系，１９９２年夏季根据ＧＭＳ卫星云图所反应的厄尔尼诺状况和其他因素，对日本９６－１９２小时的数值预报进行修正，准确及时地作出了持续高温的中期预报。     

平衡剖面的正演计算及其应用

正演运动模型近来已广泛运用于地质剖面的构造演化模拟。作者以Suppe的断层转折褶皱的几何模型为基础,详细阐述了挤压构造区域上盘地层的几何形态变化对应的速度场分布规律及地层长度变化;编制出相应的平衡剖面正演程序,并扩充了正演程序的应用范围。以川东大池干构造为实例,制作出该构造的平衡构造演化剖面。     

Chemical evolution in the high arsenic groundwater of the Huhhot basin (Inner Mongolia,PR China) and its difference from the western Bengal basin (India)

Elevated As concentrations in groundwater of the Huhhot basin (HB), Inner Mongolia, China, and the western Bengal basin (WBB), India, have been known for decades. However, few studies have been performed to comprehend the processes controlling overall groundwater chemistry in the HB. In this study, the controls on solute chemistry in the HB have been interpreted and compared with the well-studied WBB, which has a very different climate, physiography, lithology, and aquifer characteristics than the HB. In general, there are marked differences in solute chemistry between HB and WBB groundwaters. Stable isotopic signatures indicate meteoric recharge in the HB in a colder climate, distant from the source of moisture, in comparison to the warm, humid WBB. The major-ion composition of the moderately reducing HB groundwater is dominated by a mixed-ion (Ca–Na–HCO₃–Cl) hydrochemical facies with an evolutionary trend along the regional hydraulic gradient. Molar ratios and thermodynamic calculations show that HB groundwater has not been affected by cation exchange, but is dominated by weathering of feldspars (allitization) and equilibrium with gibbsite and anorthite. Mineral weathering and mobilization of As could occur as recharging water flows through fractured, argillaceous, metamorphic or volcanic rocks in the adjoining mountain-front areas, and deposits solutes near the center of the basin. In contrast, WBB groundwater is Ca–HCO₃-dominated, indicative of calcite weathering, with some cation exchange and silicate weathering (monosiallitization).     

新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震灾害损失评估与房屋震害特征

新疆尼勒克、巩留交界6.0级地震震中烈度为Ⅶ度,地震没有造成人员伤亡,但个别民宅倒塌,大量村镇居民房屋遭受中等以上破坏,一些教育、卫生等公房遭破坏;交通和水利设施有一定程度破坏,经及时抢修,未对灾区生产生活产生明显影响。通过实地抽样调查和统计计算,评估出本次地震造成的直接经济损失为67 846万元,需恢复重建的经费120 349万元。     

会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造与铀成矿

本文运用伸展构造理论对河草坑铀矿田的构造特征进行探讨，厘定出会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造是由伸展构造核、环形剥离断层系和断陷红盆所组成。对会昌浅层次热隆伸展构造的形成与演化作了研究。论述了伸展构造与区域铀成矿的关系，认为剥离断层活动为区域铀矿化准备了有利的构造环境；构造－岩浆作用是导致区内铀矿化和造成不同类型铀矿化特征基本相似的根本原因。