准噶尔盆地中拐地区石炭-二叠纪火山岩特征及构造环境分析

中拐地区位于准噶尔盆地西北缘,是在石炭纪-早二叠世挤压应力场作用下形成的宽缓鼻状古隆起。石炭-二叠纪火山岩是主要的含油层系之一,到目前为止已发现了多个油气藏和出油气点,显示出良好的勘探前景。根据系统、精细的地震资料解释,中拐地区在石炭-二叠纪时期主要存在4期构造运动,分别对应4个不整合面: 1)石炭系与二叠系之间; 2)二叠系佳木河组与下乌尔禾组之间; 3)二叠系下乌尔禾组与上乌尔禾组之间; 4)二叠系上乌尔禾组与三叠系百口泉组之间。通过对中拐地区石炭-二叠纪火山岩的全岩元素分析表明,该区域主要为中-酸性的安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩及火山角砾岩和凝灰岩为主,其中SiO₂的含量普遍较高,平均含量达到了67％,判定中拐地区的石炭-二叠纪火山岩喷发环境应位于岛弧体系的大陆内侧,在喷发过程中经历过陆壳的熔融作用。结合前人对周缘火山岩的研究,认为石炭-二叠纪时期中拐地区由岛弧环境逐渐进入陆内演化阶段,三叠纪开始进入稳定的沉积演化时期。     

Distribution of ionospheric O<Superscript>+</Superscript> ion in synchronous altitude region

Based on satellite observation data, using dynamics equation, the ionospheric O⁺ ion’s distribution in the synchronous altitude region for different geomagnetic activity indexK _p is studied by theoretical modeling and numerical analyzing, and semi-empirical models for the O⁺ ion’s density and flux versus longitude in the synchronous altitude region for differentK _p are given. The main results show that in the synchronous altitude region: (i) The O⁺ ion’s density and flux in day-side are larger than those in nightside. (ii) With longitude changing, the higher the geomagnetic activity indexK _p is, the higher the O⁺ ion’s density and flux, and their variation amplitude will be. The O⁺ ion’s density and flux whenK _{p ≥} 6 will be about ten times as great as that whenK _p = 0. (iii) WhenK _p = 0 orK _{p ≥} 6, the O⁺ ion’s density reaches maximum at longitudes 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail. WhenK _p = 3−5, the O⁺ ion’s density gets to maximum at longitude 0°, and minimum in the magnetotail. However, the O⁺ ion’s flux reaches maximum at longitude 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail for anyK _p value.     

Dynamic response of partially sealed circular tunnel in viscoelastic saturated soil

Based on Biot's wave equation, dynamic response of a circular tunnel with partially sealed liner in viscoelastic saturated soil is investigated. By introducing two scalar potential functions, the analytical solutions of stresses, displacements and pore pressure induced by axisymmetric gradually applied step load are derived in Laplace transform domain. Numerical results are obtained by inverting Laplace transform presented by Durbin and used to analyze the influences of partial permeable property of boundary and viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil on dynamic response of the tunnel. It is shown that the attenuation of radial displacement appeared with the increase of viscoelastic damping coefficient of soil, and relative rigidity of liner and soil, and the influence of partial sealing property of boundary on stresses, displacements and pore pressure is remarkable. The available solutions of permeable and impermeable boundary conditions are only two extreme cases of this paper.     

邻近基坑施工对既有地铁结构影响的分析

针对城市地下空间不断建造和发展的过程中,越来越多出现的基坑邻近既有地铁结构开挖的现象,通过收集国内及广州地区的工程实例,分析了基坑开挖后土体位移场的变化,总结了邻近基坑施工对既有地铁结构的影响,并选取广州农贸园工程,采用有限元分析方法对其进行了三维数值模拟,通过与实测数据对比分析,得出一些能对今后类似工程起到一定借鉴作用的结论.     

Lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics

This paper briefly reviews main progress in the research on lithospheric structure and continental geodynamics made by Chinese geophysicists during last 4 years since 22nd IUGG general assembly in July 1999. The research mainly covers the following fields: investigations on regional lithospheric structure, DSS survey of crust and upper mantle velocity structure, study on present-day inner movement and deformation of Chinese mainland by analyz-ing GPS observations, geodynamics of Qingzang plateau, geophysical survey of the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt and probing into its formation mechanism, geophysical observations in sedimentary basins and study on their evolution process, and plate dynamics, etc.     

福建明溪上地幔热结构及流变学特征

通过对采自福建明溪的幔源包体样品的详细研究,建立了该区上地幔的地温线,探讨其流变学特征。所获地温线高于大洋地温线,但稍低于中国东部和澳大利亚东南部地温线。由该地温线推导的壳幔边界为３８ｋｍ左右,但尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在３２ｋｍ左右即已开始出现,表明存在上地幔物质的底侵作用。同样,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩包体平衡温度有所重叠,表明两者不是截然分开,其间存在有５￣１０ｋｍ的过渡带。包体的变形特     

攀枝花地区不同工业区表层土壤中重金属分布的特征

作者在本文中研究了攀枝花地区不同工业区表层土壤中重金属的污染特征及元素组合。结果表明，煤矿区以Cd,Ni,Cu,Zn污染为主，攀钢工业区以Ni,Cu,Cd, Cr污染为主，其它工业区以Cd,Ni污染为主。不同工业区的重金属元素组合特征基本一致，即分为As-Cd-Cu-Ni-Pb和Cr-Zn两组。     

On numerical earthquake prediction

Can earthquakes be predicted? How should people overcome the difficulties encountered in the study of earthquake prediction? This issue can take inspiration from the experiences of weather forecast. Although weather forecasting took a period of about half a century to advance from empirical to numerical forecast, it has achieved significant success. A consensus has been reached among the Chinese seismological community that earthquake prediction must also develop from empirical forecasting to physical prediction. However, it is seldom mentioned that physical prediction is characterized by quantitatively numerical predictions based on physical laws. This article discusses five key components for numerical earthquake prediction and their current status. We conclude that numerical earthquake prediction should now be put on the planning agenda and its roadmap designed, seismic stations should be deployed and observations made according to the needs of numerical prediction, and theoretical research should be carried out.     

应用动态时变参数多层递阶法进行地震预报研究

本文研究了动态时变参数多层递阶法的原理及其在地震预报中应用的具体实施步骤。该方法充分考虑了系统的时变特性,使内符精度较高,在较小的震级误差范围内一步预报结果与实际情况相吻合。因此该方法有一定的应用价值,值得进一步推广。     

塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制

基于系统的地震剖面解释及其与塔中地区的对比,本文探讨了塔里木西部地区古生代断裂活动的方式和机制。玛东断裂带是一条宽阔的北东向盖层滑脱型褶皱冲断带,前展式向东南扩展,冲断作用发生在奥陶纪末。巴东断裂(吐土休克Ⅱ号断裂)为北西向基底卷入型冲断带,奥陶纪末和中二叠世末发生冲断。巴西断裂和塔参2井南断裂是海西期的正断层。塔里木古板块古生代的发育受邻侧的造山带演化制约,近东西向和北东向断裂奥陶纪末的冲断是继承基底构造发育的。塔中地区的近北西向断裂是晚寒武世的新生断裂,加里东运动可分为两幕:奥陶纪末的冲断(艾比湖运动)和晚志留-中泥盆世的冲断-走滑,后者向西明显减弱。塔里木西部的部分北西向断裂(如康西断裂)可归入塔中北西向断裂系。北东向的玛东断裂带是其西的向北(东)冲断的吐木休克断裂带与其东的向南偏东冲断的塔中8-1井——塔中5井断裂带之间的调节断层。