全文获取类型
收费全文 | 90篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2篇 |
大气科学 | 5篇 |
地球物理 | 22篇 |
地质学 | 40篇 |
海洋学 | 9篇 |
天文学 | 7篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 7篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有93条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
71.
Subduction factory processes beneath the Guguan cross-chain, Mariana Arc: no role for sediments, are serpentinites important? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert J. Stern Ed Kohut Sherman H. Bloomer Matthew Leybourne Matthew Fouch Jeff Vervoort 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(2):202-221
We need to understand chemical recycling at convergent margins and how chemical interactions between subducted slab and the
overlying mantle wedge affect mantle evolution and magmagenesis. This requires distinguishing contributions from recycled
individual subducted components as well as those contributed by the mantle. We do this by examining magmatic products generated
at different depths above a subduction zone, in an intra-oceanic arc setting. The Guguan cross-chain in the intra-oceanic
Mariana arc overlies subducted Jurassic Pacific plate lithosphere at depths of ~125--230 km and erupts mostly basalt. Basalts
from rear-arc volcanoes are more primitive than those from the magmatic front, in spite of being derived by lower degrees
of melting of less-depleted mantle. Rear-arc magmas also show higher temperatures and pressures of equilibration. Coexisting
mineral compositions become more MORB- or OIB-like with increasing height above the subduction zone. Trace element and isotopic
variations indicate that the subduction component in cross-chain lavas diminishes with increasing depth to the subduction
zone, except for water contents. There is little support for the idea that melting beneath the Mariana Trough back-arc basin
depleted the source region of arc magmas, but melting to form rear-arc volcanoes may have depleted the source of magmatic
front volcanoes. Enrichments in rear-arc lavas were not caused by sediment melting; the data instead favor an OIB-type mantle
that has been modestly affected by subduction zone fluids. Our most important conclusion is that sediment fluids or melts
are not responsible for the K--h relationship and other cross-chain chemical and isotopic variations. We speculate that an
increasing role for supercritical fluids released from serpentinites interacting with modestly enriched mantle might be responsible
for cross-chain geochemical and isotopic variations.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
72.
73.
Cheng Hong Fang Yi Douglas J. Sherman Liu Chenchen Zou Xueyong Zhang Kaidi Kang Liqiang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1252-1258
Aeolian sand transport is a widespread physical phenomenon on the surface of Earth, as well as on Mars and Titan. Accurate measurements of the components of the transport system are necessary if we are to understand the nature of the physical processes. Sand traps are typically used to measure sediment transport rates, and issues associated with the sampling efficiency of traps and the development of reliable traps have received considerable attention in recent decades. In this study, we measured aeolian transport rate at five distances from a wind tunnel sidewall using a vertically‐segmented sand trap. Total transport rates were determined by weighing the bed sediment before and after each experiment, and with and without a trap installed. The following results were obtained: (1) sand transport increased linearly with the distance away from the sidewall, and the appropriate location to measure maximum transport is within the central 20% of the wind tunnel; (2) current methods overestimate the sampling efficiency of sand traps when comparing trap data to transport rate data obtained by weighing sand moved through the entire tunnel because the effects of the sidewalls in decreasing total transport are neglected; (3) the efficiency of the vertically‐segmented trap that we tested ranged from 11.57% to 31.68% using our revised methods, whereas standard methods caused efficiency to be overestimated by 32–72% of the efficiency; (4) using either method, the efficiency of the trap increased exponentially with shear velocity for the range we used. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
S.?I.?Sherman M.?V.?RodkinEmail author E.?A.?Gorbunova 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2017,11(6):434-446
We performed a tectonophysical analysis of earthquake frequency–size relationship types for large Central Asian earthquakes in the regions of dynamical influence due to major earthquake-generating faults based on data for the last 100 years. We identified four types of frequency–size curves, depending on the presence/absence of characteristic earthquakes and the presence or absence of a downward bend in the tail of the curve. This classification by the shape of the tail in frequency–size relationships correlates well with the values of the maximum observed magnitude. Thus, faults of the first type (there are characteristic earthquakes, but no downward bend) with Mmax ≥ 8.0 are classified as posing the highest seismic hazard; faults with characteristic earthquakes and a bend, and with Mmax = 7.5–7.9, are treated as rather hazardous; faults of the third type with Mmax = 7.1–7.5 are treated as posing potential hazard; and lastly, faults with a bend, without characteristic earthquakes, and with a typical magnitude Mmax ≤ 7.0, are classified as involving little hazard. The tail types in frequency–size curves are interpreted using the model of a nonlinear multiplicative cascade. The model can be used to treat different tail types as corresponding to the occurrence/nonoccurrence of nonlinear positive and negative feedback in earthquake rupture zones, with this feedback being responsible for the occurrence of earthquakes with different magnitudes. This interpretation and clustering of earthquake-generating faults by the behavior the tail of the relevant frequency–size plot shows raises the question about the physical mechanisms that underlie this behavior. We think that the occurrence of great earthquakes is related to a decrease in effective strength (viscosity) in the interblock space of faults at a scale appropriate to the rupture zone size. 相似文献
75.
Fronts in Large Marine Ecosystems 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization are among the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first global remote sensing survey of fronts in the Large Marine Ecosystems (LME). This survey is based on a unique frontal data archive assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived with the edge detection algorithm of (Cayula and Cornillon, 1992), (Cayula and Cornillon, 1995) and (Cayula and Cornillon, 1996) from 12 years of twice-daily, global, 9-km resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST) fields to produce synoptic (nearly instantaneous) frontal maps, and to compute the long-term mean frequency of occurrence of SST fronts and their gradients. These synoptic and long-term maps were used to identify major quasi-stationary fronts and to derive provisional frontal distribution maps for all LMEs. Since SST fronts are typically collocated with fronts in other water properties such as salinity, density and chlorophyll, digital frontal paths from SST frontal maps can be used in studies of physical–biological correlations at fronts. Frontal patterns in several exemplary LMEs are described and compared, including those for: the East and West Bering Sea LMEs, Sea of Okhotsk LME, East China Sea LME, Yellow Sea LME, North Sea LME, East and West Greenland Shelf LMEs, Newfoundland–Labrador Shelf LME, Northeast and Southeast US Continental Shelf LMEs, Gulf of Mexico LME, and Patagonian Shelf LME. Seasonal evolution of frontal patterns in major upwelling zones reveals an order-of-magnitude growth of frontal scales from summer to winter. A classification of LMEs with regard to the origin and physics of their respective dominant fronts is presented. The proposed classification lends itself to comparative studies of frontal ecosystems. 相似文献
76.
Sheri N. White William Kirkwood Alana Sherman Mark Brown Richard Henthorn Karen Salamy Peter Walz Edward T. Peltzer Peter G. Brewer 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2005,52(12):2376-2389
The field of ocean geochemistry has recently been expanded to include in situ laser Raman spectroscopic measurements in the deep ocean. While this technique has proved to be successful for transparent targets, such as fluids and gases, difficulty exists in using deep submergence vehicle manipulators to position and control the very small laser spot with respect to opaque samples of interest, such as many rocks, minerals, bacterial mats, and seafloor gas hydrates. We have developed, tested, and successfully deployed by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) a precision underwater positioner (PUP) which provides the stability and precision movement required to perform spectroscopic measurements using the Deep Ocean Raman In situ Spectrometer (DORISS) instrument on opaque targets in the deep ocean for geochemical research. The positioner is also adaptable to other sensors, such as electrodes, which require precise control and positioning on the seafloor. PUP is capable of translating the DORISS optical head with a precision of 0.1 mm in three dimensions over a range of at least 15 cm, at depths up to 4000 m, and under the normal range of oceanic conditions (T, P, current velocity). The positioner is controlled, and spectra are obtained, in real time via Ethernet by scientists aboard the surface vessel. This capability has allowed us to acquire high quality Raman spectra of targets such as rocks, shells, and gas hydrates on the seafloor, including the ability to scan the laser spot across a rock surface in sub-millimeter increments to identify the constituent mineral grains. These developments have greatly enhanced the ability to obtain in situ Raman spectra on the seafloor from an enormous range of specimens. 相似文献
77.
New methods are proposed for registering deformation waves and assessing their phase (vector) velocities based on earthquake
monitoring in dynamic influence areas of active faults. Active faults in Central Asia are classified on the basis of the vector
velocities of deformation waves. The complex parameters of the presently active faults and the vector velocities of the deformation
waves are used for the geodynamic zoning of Central Asia. Such an approach offers new opportunities for the more extensive
investigation of the geodynamic characteristics of spacious intracontinental structures that were tectonically active in the
Cenozoic. 相似文献
78.
79.
Daniel?L.?MartinEmail author Ylenia?Chiari Emily?Boone Timothy?D.?Sherman Cliff?Ross Sandy?Wyllie-Echeverria Joseph?K.?Gaydos Anne?A.?Boettcher 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(5):1403-1421
Seagrass meadows form ecologically and economically valuable coastal habitat on every continental margin except the Antarctic, but their areal extent is declining by approximately 2–5 % per year. Seagrass wasting disease is a contributing factor in these declines, with the protist Labyrinthula identified as the etiologic agent. To help elucidate the role of Labyrinthula spp. in global seagrass declines, we surveyed roughly one fourth of all seagrass species to identify Labyrinthula diversity at the strain and/or species level, combining results from culturing methods and two common nuclear DNA markers: the ITS and 18S regions of the ribosomal RNA gene complex. After assaying a subset of the resulting isolates (of which 170 were newly sequenced), we produced a cladogenic context for putative seagrass-pathogenic versus non-pathogenic Labyrinthula while also defining host and geographic ranges. Assays also suggest that pathogenicity is consistently high (when present; and, even when comparing susceptibility of US East- versus West Coast Zostera marina hosts) while virulence is variable, that some isolate-host combinations have the potential for host cross-infection, and that several modes of transmission can be effective. Taken together, these data provide additional means for delimiting putative species of Labyrinthula, suggesting at least five seagrass-pathogenic and perhaps ten or more non-pathogenic marine “species”, yielding a working definition for ecologists and epidemiologists attempting to reconcile the sundry data related to seagrass wasting disease. 相似文献
80.
Surface complexation of arsenic(V) to iron(III) (hydr)oxides: structural mechanism from ab initio molecular geometries and EXAFS spectroscopy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
David M Sherman 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(22):4223-4230
Arsenic(V), as the arsenate (AsO4)3− ion and its conjugate acids, is strongly sorbed to iron(III) oxides (α-Fe2O3), oxide hydroxides (α-,γ-FeOOH) and poorly crystalline ferrihydrite (hydrous ferric oxide). The mechanism by which arsenate complexes with iron oxide hydroxide surfaces is not fully understood. There is clear evidence for inner sphere complexation but the nature of the surface complexes is controversial. Possible surface complexes between AsO4 tetrahedra and surface FeO6 polyhedra include bidentate corner-sharing (2C), bidentate edge-sharing (2E) and monodentate corner-sharing (1V). We predicted the relative energies and geometries of AsO4-FeOOH surface complexes using density functional theory calculations on analogue Fe2(OH)2(H2O)nAsO2(OH)23+ and Fe2(OH)2(H2O)nAsO4+ clusters. The bidentate corner-sharing complex is predicted to be substantially (55 kJ/mole) more favored energetically over the hypothetical edge-sharing bidentate complex. The monodentate corner-sharing (1V) complex is very unstable. We measured EXAFS spectra of 0.3 wt. % (AsO4)3− sorbed to hematite (α-Fe2O3), goethite(α-FeOOH), lepidocrocite(γ-FeOOH) and ferrihydrite and fit the EXAFS directly with multiple scattering. The phase-shift-corrected Fourier transforms of the EXAFS spectra show peaks near 2.85 and 3.26 Å that have been attributed by previous investigators to result from 2E and 2C complexes. However, we show that the peak near 2.85 Å appears to result from As-O-O-As multiple scattering and not from As-Fe backscatter. The observed 3.26 Å As-Fe distance agrees with that predicted for the bidentate corner-sharing surface (2C) complex. We find no evidence for monodentate (1V) complexes; this agrees with the predicted high energies of such complexes. 相似文献