基于SURF算法的无人机遥感影像拼接技术

在影像匹配的研究上,SIFT算法在特征匹配方面的应用一直是国内外学者关注的热点之一。最近几年,有研究者提出了SURF算法,该算法是在SIFT算法基础上作了一些改进后得到的新算法。为了比较这两种算法在影像特征点提取上的优劣性,本文开发了相应的软件程序,并采用无人机遥感影像数据进行了算法的实例验证。发现相比于SIFT算法,SURF算法在影像特征点提取中无论是运算速度还是提取的特征点数量都有较大进步。基于此将SURF算法应用到无人机遥感影像拼接中,并通过高斯滤波对拼接影像进行平滑处理,获得了令人满意的拼接影像。     

变权组合预测模型在大坝沉降监测中的应用

为探讨变权组合预测模型在变形监测中的应用,以监测某大坝沉降量为实例,研究基于线性回归预测模型和灰色模型GM(1,1)的变权组合。通过预测该大坝坝内沉降量,比较两种单一预测模型和变权组合预测模型的预测误差平方和,证明变权组合预测模型在沉降预测中具有更好的预测精度。     

基于ENVI的高分辨率遥感影像城市绿地信息提取研究

近年来众多高分辨率遥感卫星的发射为城市绿地信息提取提供了高效的手段,如何充分利用高分辨率遥感影像对现代城市进行规划和生态环境评价具有重要意义。文中介绍一个完整的遥感工程在ENVI下的实现过程,包含高分辨率数据的处理、高分辨率信息提取流程的合理安排、FX模块面向对象信息提取等内容,可全面快速掌握城市绿地总量与分布现状,为绿地系统规划与日常管理决策提供参考,对生态城市建设具有重要意义。     

BDS/GPS组合基线解算软件开发及精度分析

主要论述了BDS/GPS组合的理论,基于VC++6.0开发了BDS/GPS组合基线解算软件,详细介绍了该软件的设计思路及主要功能。利用多组实例数据比较了单系统与双系统在伪距单点,伪距双差和载波双差方面的精度差异,全面分析了解算结果,从而验证了该软件的正确性,并得出了有益结论。     

Improved Priority‐Flood method for depression filling by redundant calculation optimization in local micro‐relief areas

Depression filling is a critical step in distributed hydrological modeling using digital elevation models (DEMs). The traditional Priority‐Flood (PF) approach is widely used due to its relatively high efficiency when dealing with a small‐sized DEM. However, it seems inadequate and inefficient when dealing with large high‐resolution DEMs. In this work, we examined the relationship between the PF algorithm calculation process and the topographical characteristics of depressions, and found significant redundant calculations in the local micro‐relief areas in the conventional PF algorithm. As such calculations require more time when dealing with large DEMs, we thus propose a new variant of the PF algorithm, wherein redundant points and calculations are recognized and eliminated based on the local micro‐relief water‐flow characteristics of the depression‐filling process. In addition, depressions and flatlands were optimally processed by a quick queue to improve the efficiency of the process. The proposed method was applied and validated in eight case areas using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM‐DEM) with 1 arc‐second resolution. These selected areas have different data sizes. A comparative analysis among the proposed method, the Wang and Liu‐based PF, the improved Barnes‐based PF, the improved Zhou‐based PF, and the Planchon and Darboux (P&D) algorithms was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is 43.2% (maximum) faster than Wang and Liu's variant of the PF method, with an average of 31.8%. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieved similar performance to the improved Zhou‐based PF algorithm, though our algorithm has the advantage of being simpler. The optimal strategies using the proposed algorithm can be employed in various landforms with high efficiency. The proposed method can also achieve good depression filling, even with large amounts of DEM data.     

高精度GPS复测网的形变基准解释

在高精度GPS复测网的平差处理中 ,首先要选择一组已知的、精确的IGS (国际GPS地球动力学服务 )跟踪站为基准 ,并对基准站坐标施加不同的约束 ,这样就产生了不同的参考基准。在深入探讨基于不同约束的GPS网平差的参考基准及意义的基础上 ,文中推导了不同基准之间的转换关系     

基于规则格网数据的区域边界矢量化算法

区域分析法是在作战测绘保障中研究战场环境的基本方法。特定区域的准确、详细的描述,需要获取区域矢量边界和建立区域之间的拓扑关系。以往通常采用等值线追踪算法获取描述区域的矢量边界,其结果在边界的自封闭性、完整性和建立拓扑等方面存在问题。文中就如何对规则格网数据所描述的区域通过二值化处理,运用八向邻域的有向判断策略,提出了一种获取描述区域矢量边界的算法。     

基于自由振动响应的基础隔震建筑减震能力评估方法研究

目前国内外已修建完成了大量隔震建筑,但仅有少量经受了地震检验,绝大部分隔震结构减震能力能否达到设计目标尚存疑问.本文针对基础隔震建筑,提出了一种基于自由振动响应的减震能力评估方法.首先,对隔震建筑进行多级幅值初位移自由振动原位试验,获取结构的抗震能力曲线;其次,根据地震反应谱建立地震需求曲面,进而确定隔震结构性能点;最...     

On Liaoximordellidae Fam. Nov. (Coleoptera, Insecta) from the Jurassic of Western Liaoning, China

A new insect family Liaoximordellidae (fam. nov.) has been named for a well-preserved specimen which was collected from the Upper Jurassic outcropping west of Daxinfangzi Village, Lingyuan County, Liaoning Province. The specimen can not be put into Mordellidae or Praemordellidae because it possesses some original and intermediate characters in morphology. It serves the study of mordellid evolution. Besides, the fossil group associated with the insect is important for the stratigraphic division of the Mesozoic in western Liaoning.     

Origin and Evolution of Aquitard Porewater in the Western Coastal Plain of Bohai Bay,China

High‐salinity paleowater from low‐permeability aquitards in coastal areas can be a major threat to groundwater resources; however, such water has rarely been studied. The chemical and isotopic compositions of porewater extracted from a 200‐m‐thick Quaternary sedimentary sequence in the western coastal plain of Bohai Bay, China, were analyzed to investigate the salinity origin and chemical evolution of porewater in aquitards. Porewater samples derived at depths shallower than 32 m are characterized by Cl‐Na type saline water (total dissolved solids [TDS], 10.9–84.3 g/L), whereas those at depths greater than 32 m comprise Cl·SO₄‐Na type brackish water (TDS, 2.2–6.3 g/L). Saline porewater is interpreted as evaporated seawater prior to halite saturation, as evidenced by Cl‐Br relationships. Although substantial dilution of saline porewater with meteoric water is supported by a wider Cl^? range and δ²H‐δ¹⁸O covariance, the original marine waters were not completely flushed out. The deeper brackish porewater is determined to be a mixture of fresher porewater and brine groundwater and had a component of old brine of less than 10%, as indicated by a mixing model defined using δ²H and Cl^? tracers. Porewater δ²H‐δ¹⁸O relationships and negative deuterium excess ranging from ?25.9‰ to ?2.9‰ indicate the existence of an arid climate since Late Pleistocene in Tianjin Plain. The aquitard porewaters were chemically modified through water‐rock interactions due to the long residence time.