Holocene environmental change inferred from the loess–palaeosol sequences adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, China

Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO₃ and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems.     

广西百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩

百色盆地东部田东坳陷那坤地区古近系那读组三段下部发育一套数米至数十米厚的湖相灰岩,岩石以浅灰色-灰色、含大量的螺蚌化石和具核形石结构为特征,间夹有薄层的泥岩、钙质泥质粉砂岩。本文在实测地表剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,仔细研究了此套灰岩的岩石学特征。依据丰富的原生沉积构造、古生物化石标志以及沉积地球化学、测井相特征将湖相灰岩的沉积相划分为滨湖、颗粒滩、浅湖三个亚相以及灰泥坪、沼泽、颗粒坪、滩缘、滩核、滩间水道、灰泥浅湖、泥质浅湖等八个微相,并详细地研究了各微相的沉积特征。结合该灰岩的区域分布和沉积相的平面展布格局指出沉积相主体属于浅湖的颗粒滩,并提出了相应的沉积相模式。     

Dimensionless measures of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic dissipation rates

The magnetic Reynolds number, R _M, is defined as the product of a characteristic scale and associated flow speed divided by the microphysical magnetic diffusivity. For laminar flows, R _M also approximates the ratio of advective to dissipative terms in the total magnetic energy equation, but for turbulent flows this latter ratio depends on the energy spectra and approaches unity in a steady state. To generalize for flows of arbitrary spectra we define an effective magnetic dissipation number,   R _M,e  , as the ratio of the advection to microphysical dissipation terms in the total magnetic energy equation, incorporating the full spectrum of scales, arbitrary magnetic Prandtl numbers, and distinct pairs of inner and outer scales for magnetic and kinetic spectra. As expected, for a substantial parameter range   R _M,e∼ O (1) ≪ R _M  . We also distinguish   R _M,e  from     where the latter is an effective magnetic Reynolds number for the mean magnetic field equation when a turbulent diffusivity is explicitly imposed as a closure. That   R _M,e  and     approach unity even if   R _M≫ 1  highlights that, just as in hydrodynamic turbulence, energy dissipation of large-scale structures in turbulent flows via a cascade can be much faster than the dissipation of large-scale structures in laminar flows. This illustrates that the rate of energy dissipation by magnetic reconnection is much faster in turbulent flows, and much less sensitive to microphysical reconnection rates compared to laminar flows.     

Distribution Characteristics of Effective Source Rocks and Their Control on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: A Case Study from the Dongying Sag, Eastern China

The exploration conducted in the Bohai Bay basin, eastern China has demonstrated that the abundant petroleum resources have close affinities to the hydrocarbon kitchen with rich organic matter. A number of oil-generating associations with various characteristics of organic geochemistry and assemblages of multiple reservoir facies are developed due to the multi-center sedimentation, multi-source supply and multi-cycle evolution of filling, which have resulted in the formation of multiple oil and gas accumulation zones of various layers and trap styles. Among them the Paleogene Shahejie Formation is the most important hydrocarbon accumulation combination in the Dongying sag. Heretofore, its proved reserve has reached nearly 1.8×109t, which accounts for more than 90% of the total proved reserves of the Dongying sag. Based on previous studies, more than 600 source rock samples and 186 crude oil samples of the Shahejie Formation, collected from 30 oilfields, have been treated with organic geochemical testing     

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7烃源岩有机地球化学特征及沉积环境研究

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7段烃源岩的分析,研究区长7段烃源岩有机碳平均含量为3.22%,生烃潜量均值为12.8 mg/g,氯仿沥青“A”均值为0.55%,可以划分为较好-好的烃源岩,具有良好的生烃潜力。利用有机岩石学分析、热解分析,并结合饱和烃生物标志物分析,发现研究区长7段烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型和Ⅱ₂型为主,有机质以菌藻类生源为主,并伴有部分高等植物生源。烃源岩有机质成熟度R_o值介于0.42%~0.76%之间,并且热解T_max也主要集中在440~455 ℃之间,并且正构烷烃分布特征及甾、藿烷异构化参数说明烃源岩有机质处于低熟-成熟度阶段。根据饱和烃中甾藿烷参数、三环萜烷参数、伽马蜡烷指数、β-胡萝卜烷相对含量以及姥植比参数特征,研究区长7段烃源岩沉积环境为湖相淡水弱氧化-弱还原环境。     

东昆仑西段其木来克一带晚二叠世侵入岩的成因及其构造意义

对东昆仑其木来克一带的花岗质岩体进行锆石U-Pb测年,获得花岗闪长岩年龄为274.6±1.2Ma,黑云母花岗岩闪长岩年龄271.2±0.6Ma,认为其形成于晚二叠世。该岩体的地球化学特征显示,其具有钙碱性、弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.99～1.1)特征;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图表现为左陡右缓,具弱的负Eu异常;微量元素特征显示高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等亏损,结合构造环境认为其形成于岛弧环境,属于I型花岗岩。结合区域构造演化,认为古特提斯洋于晚二叠世开始向塔里木板块俯冲,与此同时洋中脊还在持续扩张,表明此时的特提斯洋已处于消亡期。     

风云三号C星微波全球地表温度产品精度评估

地表温度是衡量地表水热平衡的关键参数,微波地表温度因其范围大、全天候等独特的优势,在气候、农业和环境等领域得到广泛应用。基于经质量控制的MODIS地表温度产品对风云三号卫星C星的微波地表温度日产品和月平均产品进行验证评估,结果显示:FY-3C卫星升轨(夜晚)和降轨(白天)微波地表温度日产品平均分别高估8. 7 K、低估13. 2 K,月平均产品平均分别高估7. 9 K、低估12. 0 K,日产品和月平均产品的反演误差都在15K以内。在全球空间分布上,升轨(夜晚)和降轨(白天)月产品误差分别呈现高估和低估,热带雨林区和沙漠、荒漠区域在夜晚分别高估5 K以内和30 K以内,白天则分别低估10 K以内和10～30 K。不同土地覆盖类型间FY-3C微波地表温度反演精度存在差异,总体上升轨(夜晚)比降轨(白天)的精度高,反演精度最高和最低的土地类型分别是常绿阔叶林和荒漠、稀疏植被,不同土地覆盖类型间的地表温度反演精度在季节上存在明显差异。根据分析结果,改进FY-3C微波地表温度的反演算法,可进一步提高微波地表温度的反演精度。     

Arps递减开发模型

本文在Ａｒｐｓ递减产能预测模型的基础上提出了Ａｒｐｓ递减开发模型,提出了开发速度,采出程度等开发指标的数学关系式,分析了参数Ａｒｐｓ递减开发模型的影响,提出了开发初期Ａｒｐｓ递减开发模型的确定方法,便于开发初期决策,制作了Ａｒｐｓ递减开发模型的ｌｏｇＶｄ－ｌｏｇＲｐ图版,ｌｏｇＶｄ－ｌｏｇ（Ｄｔ）图版,ｌｏｇＲｐ－ｌｏｇ（Ｄｔ）图版,提出了开发中晚期Ａｒｐｓ递减开发模型的判断方法,三点抛物线法和三     

气候条件和流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行期

试以流行性脑脊髓膜炎（以下简称流脑）为例,对江苏省苏州市（不含各县）和新沂市的气象和流脑疫情数据,用有序聚类的方法进行分期,进而分析气候环境和流脑疫情变化的关系。       

煤矿井巷用PDC锚杆钻头的研究

通过对ＰＤＣ锚杆钻头的一系列室内试验研究及多次改进设计,获得了钻头的优化结构参数、优化切削齿形状,合理的钻头体材质以及热处理工艺,现场试验结果表明,ＰＤＣ锚杆钻头是钻进中硬岩层的理想钻头。