Adsorption of Phosphate by Biomass Char Deriving from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste

Biomass char (BC) deriving from fast pyrolysis of biomass was a potential adsorption material due to its relative high fixed‐carbon content and the inherent porous structures. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by BC was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of BC was dependent on pyrolysis conditions, such as temperature and holding time. The maximum adsorption capacity for phosphate was approximately 15.11 mg g^?1 at 298 K. The pseudo‐second order model of the adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption process was complex and several mechanisms were involved. Equilibrium isotherm was satisfactorily followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The K_F value in Freundlich equation gradually increased with elevating temperature. Moreover, the thermodynamic constants: ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, and ΔS⁰ were evaluated as ?6.49 kJ mol^?1 (at 298 K), 13.41 kJ mol^?1, and 66.70 J mol^?1 K^?1, respectively. Phosphate adsorption onto BC was spontaneous and endothermic. As a waste, BC was a potentially attractive adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution with low cost and high capability.     

1990—2020年中国冰湖变化特征及影响因素

本文基于505 景 Landsat 卫星影像,通过自动化冰湖边界提取与人工目视解译相结合的方法调查了 2000 和 2020年中国境内冰湖的分布与变化,并结合 1990 年冰湖编目数据,分析中国冰湖变化特征及影响因素。 研究表明,19902020 年中国冰湖面积增加(180.1±0.1) km²,增加了 17.9%。 其中,冰川补给湖面积扩张最显著,为 22.9%,而非冰川补给湖的面积仅扩张 4.9%。 1990 2020 年冰湖面积在较高海拔带呈现增长快速的趋势,其中,在海拔 5500 m 以上冰湖面积扩张最大,达 30.5%。 在区域尺度,非冰川补给湖的变化主要受降水量和蒸发量变化的影响,其中蒸发量变化对非冰川补给湖更为显著;气温升高与冰川普遍退缩则是导致冰川补给湖普遍快速扩张的主要原因。     

喀什及其周围地区农村房屋建筑易损性矩阵的建立

在搜集喀什及其周围地区农村房屋震害资料的基础上,建立了农村分类房屋的地震易损性矩阵,将其与国内相研究结果进行了对比,认为结果的差异主要与研究区农村房屋质量和场地土条件有关,今后工作中应对城镇房屋建筑的易损性矩阵进行及时总结和研究。     

武山气氡脱气装置改进试验介绍

为了排除模拟采样的影响,对武山气氡的脱气装置进行了改进。通过对比脱气装置改进前后产出的数据,改进后的资料数据明显好于改进之前。     

变参数刚-柔性桩复合地基研究

为了研究刚-柔性桩复合地基的承载和变形特性,在温州地区进行了6个大型不同试验参数条件下刚-柔性桩复合地基试验,并在静荷载试验中对刚性承压板下压力盒进行同步检测。根据检测成果较系统地分析了褥垫层的设置与否、褥垫层厚度及材料、刚性桩置换率对刚-柔性桩复合地基特性的影响,为工程设计提供一些可以借鉴的结论。     

Activity Feature of Kazkeaerte Fault Zone in the Late Quaternary

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＫａｚｋｅａｅｒｔｅｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅａｂｏｕｔ 1 0 0ｋｉｌｏｍｅｔｅｒｓｌｏｎｇ (Ｆｉｇ .1 ) ,ｉｓｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｌｉｍｂｏｆｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔｄｅｆｏｒ ｍａｔｉｏｎｂｅｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＰａｍｉｒｓ (ＣｈｅｎＪｉｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 997) .Ｍａｎｙｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｌｙｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈ ｑｕａｋｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄａｌｏｎｇｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅ (ＦｅｎｇＸｉａｎｙｕｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 987) .ＴｈｅｌａｔｅＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ…     

阜康断裂带中段三叠系克拉玛依组沉积微相及优质储层分布

处于勘探评价阶段的阜康断裂带中段三叠系克拉玛依组为中孔特低渗储层,沉积微相类型还不明确,优质储层的识别也存在难度,导致沉积微相对优质储层的控制亟待深入研究。综合利用岩心、岩屑、分析化验、地震、测井和试油试采资料,开展了岩心描述、沉积相类型识别及微相划分、单井、连井及平面互动的沉积微相分布演化特征和相控优质储层分布等工作。研究表明：1）据重矿物相对含量特征分布来看,稳定矿物类型的钛铁矿相对含量从南向西北逐渐减少,而极稳定矿物类型的白钛石和锆石相对含量则逐渐增多,表明研究区以南部物源为主。2）据岩心精细描述发现,克拉玛依组岩性可以分为5类,包括砂砾岩、含砾/中粗砂岩、含砾/粉细砂岩、泥质砂岩和泥岩,发育7种典型沉积构造。3）据岩心相、测井曲线响应和地震反射特征,研究目的层为辫状河三角洲沉积;工区主要发育三角洲前缘亚相,包括5种微相类型,建立了不同沉积微相的测井相模式;综合单井、连井和平面分析发现,5个砂组自下而上朵体范围与数量变化十分明显,自下而上朵体数量由少变多再变少,范围由小变大再变小的规律,其内部骨架砂体厚度和平面范围差异也较大。4）开展了沉积微相控制下孔、渗、饱参数分布研究,结合试油试采资料,综合确定了不同类别优质储层分布特征。

     

大别造山带超高压变质岩折返隆升的地层学证据—毛坦厂组榴辉岩砾石的启示

大别山北缘地区发育厚达近万米的中新生代碎屑岩，它们记录着大别山造山带和在株罗纪以来的演化历史。在安徽省六安地区毛坦厂组中，发现多块榴辉岩砾石。砾石新鲜，质地坚硬，表明属于第一旋回砾石。榴辉岩由石榴子石、多硅白云母、绿帘石、石英、金红石等组成。具有明显的退变质作用，发育以钠长石和闪石类组成的后合成晶、以及石榴子石周边的次为边。石榴子石以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石为主，恪地C类榴辉岩。根据其特征应该属于大别山南部和北部超高压榴辉岩。毛坦厂组层位确切，古生物化石和同位素年龄都表明以晚株罗世为主，这一发现表明，在晚株罗世，以榴辉岩为代表的造山带根部物质，即：超高压变质岩已经出露地表，并作为毛坦厂组的物源。因此，大别造山带超高压为质岩折返到地表，最迟在晚株罗世。     

In-situ testing study on convection and temperature characteristics of a new crushed-rock slope embankment design in a permafrost region

For the purpose of enhancing air convection and controlling solar radiation, a new crushed-rock slope embankment design combined with a sun-shade measure is proposed. A newly designed embankment was constructed in the Tuotuohe section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and a field-testing experiment was carried out to determine its convection and temperature characteristics. The results show that distinct air convection occurred in the crushed-rock layer of the new embankment, especially in cold seasons, which was enhanced when it flowed upwards along the slope. This preliminarily indicated that the new design of the embankment slope was good for reinforcing air convection in the crushed-rock layer. The frequent fluctuations of the convection speed and the environmental wind speed were in good agreement, suggesting that the convection in the crushed rock primarily came from the ambient wind. It was also preliminarily determined that the new embankment had a better cooling effect and sun-shade effect for decreasing the temperature of the embankment slope compared with a traditional crushed-rock slope embankment, and the mean temperature difference between them was up to 1.7 °C. The mean annual temperature at the bottom boundary of the crushed-rock layer was obviously lower than that at the top boundary, and heat flux calculation showed that the shallow soil beneath the embankment slope was weakly releasing heat, all of which indicated that the new embankment slope design was beneficial to the thermal stability of the embankment. This study is helpful in providing some references for improved engineering design and maintenance of roadbeds in permafrost regions.