近30a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析

通过遥感与地理信息系统技术对1975-2005年长江源区沙漠化发展状况进行了监测,监测结果显示:长江源区有大面积的沙漠化土地分布,在这30 a问,沙漠化土地面积明显增加,尤其是极重度沙漠化土地的增加最为明显.长江源区不同程度的沙漠化土地总面积从1975年的31 118.3 km2增加到2005年的33 923.25 k...     

中国企业R&D国际化:时空格局与区位选择影响因素

基于中国企业海外R&D投资数据和零断尾负二项回归分析方法,探讨了1998—2015年中国企业R&D国际化的时空格局特征,并从东道国角度分析影响其区位选择的主要因素。结果表明：研究期内中国新建海外R&D机构数量快速扩张;海外R&D投资区域分布广泛,呈现分散和集聚并存的特征;以华为为例分析了典型中国企业海外R&D投资的空间布局特征,认为目前华为海外R&D投资呈现集中布局在欧洲,零散分布在亚洲、美洲、非洲的空间特征,主要是由其以全球技术升级和满足多样化的市场需求等R&D国际化的战略动机所决定。回归分析结果表明,中国企业对发达国家和发展中国家进行R&D投资的影响因素有共同点但也存在一定的差异：① 现阶段东道国的R&D需求不是影响中国企业对其进行R&D投资的主要因素;② 代表中国与东道国经济往来密切程度的关联要素是影响中国企业R&D投资的重要决策因素;③ 发达国家吸引中国企业对其进行R&D投资主要是因其创新能力强、R&D资源数量多,而政策及制度供给是影响中国企业对发展中国家进行R&D投资的主要因素;④ 地理距离对中国企业R&D“走出去”的阻碍作用主要体现在对发展中国家的R&D投资中。     

班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化与成矿地质背景

早古生代—泥盆纪,研究区沉积环境以陆棚碎屑岩相和碳酸盐台地相为主,代表冈瓦纳大陆北缘和特提斯南侧的被动大陆边缘。石炭纪—二叠纪,本区进入特提斯南、北缘弧盆系统演化阶段,龙木错-双湖带北部、金沙江带南部和冈底斯带分别在石炭纪、二叠纪形成岩浆弧。中生代是特提斯南缘弧盆演化阶段,SSZ型蛇绿岩形成岩浆熔离型铬、镍、铂族金属矿床和热液型金矿。班公湖-怒江带特提斯在中侏罗世至早白垩世向南、北两侧俯冲并形成岩浆弧,该岩浆弧是重要的成矿带,形成斑岩铜矿、矽卡岩型磁铁矿和热液型多金属矿床。北羌塘东段侏罗纪弧后前陆盆地有利于形成沉积型、沉积-热液改造型和热液型铁、铜、锑、金矿床。晚白垩世碰撞作用主要与热液型矿床有关,分布范围较大,也可能存在晚白垩世至新生代碰撞阶段的斑岩铜矿。     

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China

Water samples were collected in 120 stations in the Bohai Sea of China to analyze the distribution of dissolved nutrients and assess the degree of eutrophication in August 2002. The result shows that the average concentration of DIN increased and the PO4-P concentration sharply decreased compared to the previous data of corresponding period. The high concentrations of DIN and PO4-P occurred in coastal waters, especially in the bays and some river estuaries, while the high concentrations of SiO3-Si in the surface and middle depth occurred in the central area of the Bohai Sea. The average ratio of DIN/ PO4-P was much higher than the Redfield Ratio (16:1). Apparently, PO4-P was one of the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growing in the sea. The average concentrations of DON and DOP were higher than their inorganic forms. The results of eutrophication assessment show that 22.1% of all stations were classified as violating the concentration levels of the National Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) for DIN and only 3.9% for PO4-P. The average eutrophication index in the overall area was 0.21±0.22 and the high values occurred in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and near the Yellow River estuary. This means that the state of eutrophication was generally mesotrophic in the Bohai Sea, but relatively worse in the bays, especially some river estuaries.     

Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Stocks in Coastal Salt Marshes with Spartina alterniflora Following an Invasion Chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta,China

Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m~2) were significantly increased(P 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R~2 = 0.43, P 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.     

村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计与实现

针对村镇数字化发展的需要,本文研究了构建村镇地理空间数据框架的技术架构和业务流程.在论述村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计思想和原则的基础上,设计了系统的总体框架和数据模型,最后本文就系统所能实现的多源数据集成、尺度融合等基本功能进行了详细阐述.     

鄂尔多斯高原景观格局变化分析--以伊金霍洛旗为例

以位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原上的伊金霍洛旗为研究区域，以景观生态学的数量分析方法为基本手段，在土地利用现状分类体系下，以其1984、1991和1998年3个年度的土地利用图为基础。从区域和斑块类型两个尺度上，对其景观格局进行了数量分析。结果表明，在三个典型年度。天然草地为伊金霍洛旗的景观基质，景观格局指数的所有变化均是在此基础上发生和演变的。从整个景观尺度的格局指数变化情况显示，伊金霍洛旗景观的破碎化程度在增加；同时景观的异质性程度在下降，景观愈来愈有少数景观斑块类型所控制。而在斑块类型这一尺度上的格局指数变化说明，不同类型斑块的复杂性的变化趋势基本相同，即均有不同程度的增长，但增加幅度有限；同时还说明，不同类型斑块内部其大小差异的幅度在不断缩小。但从不同年度的变化情况来看，无论是区域还是不同的斑块类型，其格局指数的变化并不与总体的变化趋势同步。     

Numerical simulation for settlement urban tunnel construction

The excavation for the municipal tunnel will disturb the soil around the tunnel, and the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface always take place, which may lead to instability and even collapse for the building above the tunnel. At the same time the deformation and subsidence of the earth surface affect the normal use of underground municipal pipelines, and may cause the road sudden collapse, leading to significantly traffic accidents. The authors did a research by simulating for the excavation of municipal tunnel and designed the related supporting plan, and put forward some suggestions and measures for the design and construction of urban tunnel.     

塔里木河水资源利用的效益与生态损失

针对塔里木河流域水资源利用引起的下游水量减少，进而导致生态退化，分析了近30年该河源流区地表水引用和河流水量变化关系，用分摊法估算了水资源利用的直接效益和恢复下游地表径流的恢复费用。     

北京市生产性服务业的增长及其空间结构

基于北京1997年投入产出表、2002年投入产出表和第一次经济普查数据,采用投入产出模型、区位商等方法.分析北京市生产性服务业的增长结构变化、对地区经济的影响,以及典型生产性服务业行业的空间结构.研究表明.北京生产性服务业明显呈现出以金融、商务和信息服务业为主的格局;生产性服务业主要为第三产业服务;服务业对金融、商务、信息等生产性服务业的中间需求呈上升趋势;制造业对中间投入服务的消耗层次明显提高,产业结构不断优化升级;生产性服务业既有较强的经济推动能力,又对经济发展的需求较大;北京市生产性服务业的空间结构总体呈现圈层特征.