九星联珠对华北地区地震活动的影响

1.地区和资料的选取众所周知,太阳系有九大行星。当地球和其它行星运行到太阳同一侧,最外两颗行星与日心的连线夹角最小时,叫做九星联珠,我们简称为甲型联珠。另外还有一种类型的九星联珠,即地球独处太阳一侧,其余行星处太阳另一侧,最外两颗行星与地心的连线夹角最小。我们把这种类型的简称乙型联珠。两种类型的联珠,其准周期皆为178.7年(但其周期长短     

鲜水河断裂带大震复发机制和时空分布原因

岩石接触面在高温高围压下经过几天便烧结起来而有很高但低于原岩的剪切强度。烧结面与主压应力方向夹角大于55—65°时,便不再断裂而沿其它方向剪断。实验最低温压相当地壳10km深,这应是地壳大断裂的上部裂面与下部烧结层的界限深度,受力后便向下延裂,在下部形成震源。这可能是鲜水河断裂带震源在10—25km深重复发生的原因。由带内大震机制解P轴方向与地球自转速率变化趋势的关系、区域残余应力场水平主压应力分布方向与断裂带走向的关系,讨论了带内大震活动时段的原因。由带内裂面烧结条件、残余和现今应力高值区、岩体低强度区及储存弹性应变能高值区的分布,研究了带内大震空间分布原因。     

An 8.1Ma calcite record of Asian summer monsoon evolution on the Chinese central Loess Plateau

Carbonates in loess-red clay sequences consist mainly of calcite and dolomite. The EDTA analysis of carbonates in different size fractions and magnetic susceptibility reveal that calcite is a sensitive index of summer monsoon. The chemical analysis of carbonates and calcite from an 8.1 Ma loess-red clay sequence at Chaona on the Chinese central Loess Plateau shows that the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon experienced four stages, namely 8.1―5.5 Ma, 5.5―2.8 Ma, 2.8―1.5 Ma and 1.5―0 Ma, with increasing intensification and fluctuation, suggesting a possible combining impacts of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and global changes on the Asian summer monsoon.     

大同断陷盆地及其大震危险性

以最新研究成果，全面、系统地阐述了大同断陷盆地的地貌特征、晚新生代地层、火山与玄武岩、主要活动断裂、新构造单元与地震活动的空间分布、大同－阳高两次地震的地震构造。在此基础上探讨了今后10年左右的时间内，大同断陷盆地的地震危险性。     

依据剖面资料求解断层的水平位移

提出依据开挖剖面中的楔形体在受到断层作用时其厚度的变化量求解断层水平位移的方法。分析表明断层水平位移量S与楔形体在断层两侧厚度变化量Δh满足关系式S＝Δh/ρsinβ。式中ρ为楔形体在断层走向上的尖灭系数，β为断层的倾角，该关系式不仅能满足纯走滑运动的断层，而且也满足一般斜滑断层，同时提出了在剖面上判断断层水平运动性质的方法。     

分形与混沌理论在地震学中的应用与探讨

分形与混沌理论的研究与发展，揭示了自然界中一大类无规几何形体物理过程的内在规律性及其动力演化过程的内在随机性。这给我们探索自然界中分形客体的几何形态及其与内部物理本质的关系提供了一条暂新的途径。特别是这一理论给我们探讨地震问题，例如：探讨地震活动时空分布的确定性图像、地震演化过程的动力学行为、临界特征以及未来大地震的发生等问题，带来了某些希望。本文较详细地综述了近年来分形与混沌理论在地震学中的应用研究。全文共分５部分。第１部分是孕震过程的一般概述。第２部分描述单分形与多分形在地震学中的某些应用．文中第３部分介绍了混沌动力学中的某些研究在测震学与模型中的应用。第４部分综述了自组织临界现象和闪变噪声的研究．最后，第５部分是分形理论与混沌动力学在地球科学中的应用前景与展望．     

策克台井下宽频带地震计GL?S120B正弦波标定衰减因子的讨论

为解决EDAS?24GN6数据采集器对策克台井下宽频带地震计GL?S120B进行正弦标定的过程中产生的响应波形限幅问题,分析了数据采集器?地震计这一系统的标定过程及原理,结合GL?S120B的幅频响应特征,推导出正弦标定频点参数中的频率f、衰减因子λ与标定响应波形限幅之间的关系。分析表明,在GL?S120B平坦响应频带内,为避免出现标定波形响应限幅,频率f与衰减因子λ的乘积应至少大于限幅下限50.93;而在其衰减响应频带内,由于地震计电压灵敏度的衰减,频率f与衰减因子λ的乘积最小取值也相应减小。据此,对衰减因子λ进行校正,并再次对GL?S120B进行正弦标定。标定及计算结果显示:标定波形未限幅,GL?S120B三分向幅频响应特征较为一致;灵敏度对出厂值的变化率保持在5%范围内。本研究结论可为采用EDAS?24GN6和GL?S120B地震观测系统的台站进行正弦波标定提供频点参数,并为其他台站解决正弦标定波形限幅问题提供分析依据。     

中国西南部强震带大震复发机制

我国西南部鲜水河断裂带、红河断裂带、安宁河断理解带和龙门山断裂带四个测区内，用Ｘ射线法 得的宏观残余应力场和用震源机制解Ｐ轴显示的发震时现今应力场的水平最大主压应力方向基本吻合。这种叠加应力场的水平最大主压力分布方向与发震断裂带总体走 交角约为４０－５５°左右，使断裂带易于发生剪切错动。宏观残余水平最大剪应 值区的分布，也与区内大震震中的分布基本吻合，岩石裂面在３００℃和３００ＭＰａ围压下经１０天     

Optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in the watershed of a globally large river (Yangtze River,China)

Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation emission matrices of surface water samples of a globally large river (Yangtze River, China) watershed identified three classes of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) that had ex/em = 280/330 nm, 305/385 nm and 350/450 nm respectively, resembling “peak T”, “peak M” and “peak C” commonly identified in natural water, respectively. Peak T (a tyrosine/tryptophan-like FDOM) did not show correlations to peak M or C which were humic-like substances, while a positive correlation (r = 0.935, p < 0.001) was present between the natural log-transformed maximum fluorescence intensity (F_max) of peaks T and M indicating a tight link during their production and processing. F_max values (in Raman unit nm^?1) normalized to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration were low, varying in ranges 15.93–85.95, 29.83–83.54 and 19.73–51.05 × 10^?5 nm^?1 (μmol/L)^?1 for peaks T, M and C, respectively, in line with the history of strong photobleaching of the water samples as indicated by fairly high absorption spectral slope ratios (0.75–1.53 with a mean 1.03). Intermediate fluorescence index (FI) (1.46–1.83 with a mean 1.61) and small specific absorption at 254 nm (0.64–1.93 with a mean 1.15 m^?1 mg^?1 L) of the water samples, indicated the presence of both aquatic microbial DOM (e.g. peak T) and soil DOM (e.g. peak C). Peak C could be substantially removed by UV-A (320–400 nm) irradiation, while peak M was slightly increased when a microbe-containing water was exposed to the same UV-A irradiation. Taken together, peak C was attributed to diffuse soil source while peak M was likely attributed to joint effects of microbial activities and solar irradiation on the chromophores in the sample.