环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染关系分析——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线

发达国家的发展历史表明,经济发展与环境污染存在一定的关系,在经济发展的初级阶段,经济的快速增长可能以牺牲环境为代价.环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染的矛盾尤为突出.文章运用环境库兹涅茨曲线原理和模型,分析了环渤海地区经济增长与环境污染之间的关系.研究发现,在过去一段时间内,环渤海地区的环境污染状况与经济收入也基本符合倒“U...     

500m深度拖曳系统的设计与试验

针对500 m波浪式拖曳系统的技术要求,介绍了拖体、流线型拖缆、电控绞车和总控程序4个关键部分的设计;根据海上的试验情况,分析了拖体的缆深比和定深拖曳等数据,表明本系统达到预期要求,可以为上层海洋学的调查与观测提供良好的平台。     

乘潮潮位的理论分布探讨

中国《海港水文规范》在确定港口工程设计潮位时,采用手绘累积频率曲线,再摘取设计潮位值的方法,由于缺乏理论曲线,确定的数值存在任意性。本文将改进最大熵分布应用于海岸港的设计高、低潮位的推算,计算精度高,克服了传统方法推算设计潮位值的不足,有重要理论与工程意义。     

本科信息安全教学研究最新进展综述

随着云计算、移动应用、物联网等技术的不断发展,信息技术已经成为日常生活的一部分.不断浮现的各种安全问题导致整个社会对信息安全专业人才的需求不断增长,而信息安全教育是解决问题的关键.本文从面临的困难、要解决的问题、课程体系建设、教学方法研究、课程实验构建等几个方面系统地介绍了本科信息安全教学的最新研究成果,并指出了信息安全教学研究的未来发展方向.     

基于多种模型的云南元江哈尼云海景观预报研究

为推动区域旅游事业发展,满足旅游气象服务需求,研究针对云南元江哈尼云海景观进行了立体气象观测和业务预报实验。本研究基于云南元江云海气候站2016—2019年观测数据,利用经验预报法、Logistics回归、支持向量机、决策树分析等方法,进行了云海景观出现与否的二分类预报实验。结果表明：各预报方法间训练样本总体准确率在74.3%—82.2%之间差别不大,但传统经验预报基于云海机理研究背景,预报指标物理意义明确,随着预报经验的积累经验预报2019年TS评分为54.8,优于2016—2018年TS评分46.0,也优于仅使用局地数据的统计学习算法的预报评分,且其他几种统计学习预报方法的检验样本TS评分均不如训练样本评分高。云海景观出现需要水汽条件和大气静稳条件的配合,局地云海气象观测站建设收集的立体气候数据有利于预报人员改进预报指标体系,提高预报准确率,有利于提升区域旅游气象服务能力发展。     

How well do sediment indicators record past climate? An evaluation using annually laminated sediments

The reliability of paleoclimatic inferences from lake-sediment records rests on the understanding of how various sediment indicators respond to environmental changes. Despite the recent proliferation of paleoclimatic records, only a limited number of studies have rigorously evaluated potential indicators by comparing lake-sediment records with instrumental weather data. We analyzed annually laminated sediments of the past 100 years from a lake in north-central Minnesota for a suite of variables commonly used for climatic reconstructions. Results were compared with time series of climatic or climate-derived variables, as well as with indices of climate modes thought to influence the regional climate of the midwestern United States. The oxygen-isotopic composition of calcite (δ¹⁸O_c) shows trends similar to those of effective moisture (as measured by precipitation [P] minus actual evapotranspiration [AET], P-AET, and the Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI]), with high δ¹⁸O_c values generally corresponding to low P-AET and low PDSI. δ¹⁸O_c also exhibits striking correspondence with the index of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) but it lags behind PDO by 3 years. Elevated δ¹⁸O_c values during the warm PDO phase probably reflect warm and dry climatic conditions in the midwestern US, especially during winter months. The carbon-isotopic composition of calcite (δ¹³C_c) shows some similarity with δ¹⁸O_c but also displays stratigraphic patterns resembling those of lake-productivity indicators, including biogenic silica, inverse of inorganic carbon, ratio of organic carbon to nitrogen, and to a lesser extent, organic carbon. δ¹³C_c is correlated with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and the index of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), probably because elevated MAAT stimulates the rate of algal carbon uptake, lengthens growing season, and/or enhances CO₂ degassing. Varves are typically thicker during periods of lower δ¹⁸O_c and higher P-AET (or PDSI) values, because wet climatic conditions probably increase nutrient availability and lake productivity. Gray-scale intensity does not co-vary with any of the above climatic variables or climate-mode indices. These results demonstrate the utility of lake-sediment analyses for reconstructing temperature, drought, and large-scale climatic modes at Steel Lake. However, application to down-core reconstructions may be compromised by a number of factors, including the site specificity and non-stationarity of such relationships.     

玉溪太阳能辐射资源分布特征

玉溪市太阳能辐射量资源丰富,1960~2009年平均日照时数在2 286.3~2 085.3小时,每天平均日照6小时,冬春季由于晴天多,日照最丰富;盛夏雨日多,日照最小,秋季因经常出现连阴雨天气,日照也相对较小。最大值出现在春季的3月,平均日照8.5小时,最小值出现在盛夏的7月,平均日照仅2.6小时。玉溪太阳能辐射量为57.615×108~52.55×108kJ/m2,资源从东北向西南递增,最丰富的地方主要集中在元江、新平县,其次是江川、通海县,最小是澄江县。20世纪80年代末以后,由于观测场周围环境污染和建筑物的增多增高,对太阳能辐射观测值带来较大影响,使气象站实际观测到的日照小于20世纪80年代以前,并且较不稳定。     

An overview on observational instruments and measuring methods for dewfall

This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.     

基于改进型逆推法和模糊评价法的暴雨服务效益评估

对2010—2022年江西省70次暴雨过程开展了气象服务效益评估,在充分考虑政府组织决策水平、部门联防联动、公众参与及气象服务水平等影响的情况下,加入赋权系数,结合隶属度函数构建重要因子矩阵,基于改进的逆推法和模糊综合评价法建立了江西省暴雨灾害气象服务效益评估模型,实现了江西省暴雨灾害气象服务效益定量化评估。结果表明,2010—2022年江西省暴雨灾害直接经济损失和气象服务效益均有逐渐增长的趋势,不可避免损失因子为0.17—0.50,气象服务效益占经济总损失的25%—45%。暴雨灾害直接经济损失和气象服务效益相关性较高,表明气象服务在防灾减灾工作中起重要作用。     

关于地理信息产业的发展及几点建议

进入信息时代 ,地理信息产业迅速发展 ,取得巨大的成果 ,现代化的地理信息产品和技术服务在经济与社会可持续发展中的重要作用越来越明显 ,因此发展地理信息产业自然成为更为重要的任务