1956—2018年青海省黄河流域降水变化特征分析及预测

本研究基于1956—2018年31个气象站月值降水数据,采用M-K检验、Pettitt检验、Morlet小波分析、ARIMA模型等方法,分析青海省黄河流域近63年包括趋势、突变、周期在内的降水量特性以及验证未来5年降水趋势预测变化的合理性。结果表明:(1)近63年青海省黄河流域降水具有集中程度高、年内分配不均、丰枯季明显的特点;不同年代的月均降水量均集中在4—10月,且未来月均降水量有上升的变化趋势。(2)年降水量呈显著增长趋势,增长率为(9.07 mm/10 a),春季和冬季降水增长趋势显著,夏季和秋季降水无显著的增长趋势,2004年为该流域大的降水转折年。(3)年降水时间序列存在23~32 a,15~20 a,9~13 a以及4~6 a的周期变化规律,四级降水主周期分别对应30、15、11和6 a时间尺度。(4)ARIMA(2,1,4)模型能够较好地拟合1956—2018年降水序列并对2019—2023年降水数据合理预测;线性回归及M-K检验分析结果显示1956—2023年降水序列呈显著增长趋势,增长率为(9.22 mm/10 a),与趋势预测结果相一致;ARIMA(2,1,4)模型可以对青海省黄河流域进行短期年降水量预测,为当地水资源合理规划和管理提供参考。     

中国城市间金融网络的空间演化及其影响因素

基于中国金融业企业网络数据和链锁网络模型建立城市网络,在解析金融网络空间格局的基础上,定量识别与测度了金融网络的影响因素,并探讨了关键因素的作用机理。研究发现：中国城市间金融网络的中心性体系呈现空间指向和路径依赖的特征,链接关系呈现纵深关联和层级分化的特征,核心―边缘结构呈现逐渐深化和有序分布的特征;关键资源、空间距离、区位条件和历史基础是影响金融网络空间格局的关键因素;择优链接、地理邻近和空间集聚是金融网络生长发育的动力机制。在网络发展环境下,中国城市化政策需要做出相应调整,支持城市在金融网络中选择差异化的发展路径,充分发挥金融网络对城市经济增长的供给引导功能,同时在更大空间尺度上推动城市之间的网络协作。     

南海周边航运网络脆弱性及对中国集装箱运输的影响

随着中国对外贸易的发展,南海在中国对外运输中的重要性不断提升,评估南海周边航运网络失效对中国不同港口的影响程度十分必要。以2018年前18强船公司的集装箱航线数据为基础,构建南海周边港口的集装箱航运网络,通过网络节点指标、最短路径模拟等方法测度网络的脆弱性,并分析南海周边港口失效对中国的影响。全文主要结论如下：南海航运的抗毁性较弱,15%~25%的头部港口失效对整体航运网络组织会产生实质性的毁坏;釜山和新加坡是本区域最重要的港口,海防、上海、青岛、东京、泗水、横滨、神户等在区域中具有高脆弱性;评估港口失效后的替代港口方案,发现替代集装箱港口的可选择范围很小,很少有港口失效后能同时满足地理临近、介数增长和能力相当三大条件,在海上航运网络中港口失效带来的影响是难以修补的;以最短路径模拟中国港口对南海周边其他港口的挂靠情况,发现新加坡、巴生和釜山是对中国具有全局影响力的三大港口,林查班、马尼拉、宿务、圣费尔南多、海防等对其他港口具有点对点的局域影响。     

Soil moisture retrieving using hyperspectral data with the application of wavelet analysis

As a powerful tool, the wavelet transform method has been widely used in feature extraction for hyperspectral data, while few studies are focused on soil moisture retrieving. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for soil moisture retrieving. In this study, a total of 78 measurements of soil moisture and hyperspectral data were collected through soil sampling as well as laboratory quantitative control. There were 13 different mother wavelets capable of decomposing hyperspectral data that were recommended, along with six decomposition levels from 5 to 10. The performances of two feature extraction methods namely band selection and DWT were compared, using three indexes, i.e., R ², R _adj and root mean square error (RMSE) introduced to validate soil moisture retrieving results. The experimental results indicated that the wavelet transform method could significantly reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral data, resulting in a much more effective performance. Among the 78 estimation models using the wavelet transform, there were 42 models superior to band selection, with 24 models yielding good correlations between the predicted soil moisture and the measured ones (R ² ≥ 0.7, RMSE ≤ 0.050, p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, when the wavelet decomposition level was 9 and the mother wavelets were Daubechies 2, Daubechies 4, Reserve Biorthogonal 3.3 and Biorthogonal 6.8, the retrieving results were optimum. Additionally, the experimental results proved that the wavelet analysis technique was capable of preserving high- and low-frequency spectral information at different decomposition scales, and could correctly reflect the variation of soil moisture. Thus, it would be helpful in further environmental monitoring.     

长江黄河流域上中下游汛期重旱涝的气候特征

为了揭示长江，黄河流域汛期（6-8月）重旱涝的气候特征，首先采用墨西哥帽小波对长江，黄河流域1951-1999年汛期的降雨资料作分析，得到了两流域汛期降雨量的年际变化趋势；其次将长江流域划分为三段（上游、中游、下游段），黄河流域分为两段（上中游、下游段），以各游段逐月的平均降水量（R）为基准，计算降雨量距平面分率，从而得到逐游段，逐月49年来的重旱涝的时序资料；最后分析该时序资料，得到两流域上中下游汛期重旱涝的时空分布，其结果深化了我们对重旱涝的认识。     

黄海鱼类食物网的研究

于1985年3月—1986年10月和1988年5月间,对黄海海域40科69属80种鱼的食性及其相互关系进行了较系统地调查、分析。结果表明:1.黄海鱼类饵料分为4个生态类型;2.黄海鱼类摄食有明显的季节变化;3.黄海鱼类基本属于第二—第四营养级;4.日本鳀、脊尾褐虾、太平洋磷虾等优势饵料生物在黄海鱼类食物网中起着举足轻重的作用;5.黄海多数鱼类间的食物竞争关系基本是协调的。     

Study of fouling organisms at Tuoji Island in the Bohai Channel

From June 1984 to May 1985, monthly and seasonal panel tests of fouling organisms were carried out on rafts at Tuoji Island. Seventy - three species were obtained. The occurring frequencies of the following species are all at least 30%: Ectocarpus confervoides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Tubularia mesembryanthmum, Cfytia edwardsi, Tubulipora pulchra, Celleporella hyalina, Mytilus edulis, Hiatella arctica, Caprella acanthogaster, Corophium crassicome, Jassa cf.falcata and Podocerus cf . inconspicuus. Large or calcareous species are not dominant ones. The wet weight is comparatively light, the yearly wet weight being 9.12 kg m-2. Attaching seasons of major species are from June to October and no bio - attachment occurs between January and April. Fouling organisms at Tuoji Island differ rather greatly from those in the harbours along the continental coast, showing the charcteristics of fouling organisms in the northern island harbours of China.     

In-flight performance analysis of the navigation augmentation payload on LEO communication satellite:a preliminary study on WT01 mission

With the development of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) communication constellations, it has become a hot area of research to provide additional navigation augmentati...     

Measurements of 460 GHz Atmospheric Opacity at Yangbajing Observational Station†

In order to assess the submillimeter wave observational conditions of Yangbajin, a Portable Submillimeter Telescope (POST) is used to measure the zenith atmospheric opacity at 460 GHz from November 2008 to December 2008. The results show that the quartiles of atmospheric opacity during the observing time at 460 GHz at Yangbajin Observatory is 1.25, 1.42 and 1.63, and the time proportion of atmospheric opacity less than 1 is about 3.4%. At last, the submillimeter wave site conditions of Yangbajin with those of other submillimeter observatories in the world are compared, and the possible causes that may influence the submillimeter atmospheric opacity are explored.     

2021年漾濞MS6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化

1 研究背景 同震变化和震后效应来自震源区域发生的物理或化学变化,可为震后趋势研判提供重要的科学依据.杨竹转等(2005,2008,2014)研究发现,云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变与地震之间存在一定的定量关系;2008年汶川MS 8.0地震在中国大陆地区引起的水位、水温同震变化特征机理较复杂;在2013年芦山地震中,重庆的荣昌华江井、北碚柳荫井和四川的泸沽湖井的水位同震变化与同震体应变不一致,表现出与日本、苏门答腊地震时相似的同震变化特征.因此,有必要深入研究不同区域构造不同地震的同震变化.基于此,本文就2021年5月21日漾濞MS 6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化进行初步研究.