松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组生排烃扩张微米孔/缝的发现及其意义

笔者等通过电子背散射、二次成像和能谱分析,结合薄片和反射显微镜观察,发现松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组页岩中发育了大量由生排烃扩张形成的微米孔和微米缝。生排烃高压扩张微米孔的特点有：①一般只发育在超高压的页岩油储层中;②一般只发育在黏土质长英页岩中,纯黏土岩少见;③多为近圆形或半圆形,直径多在0. 5 μm到数微米,一般1~2 μm,最大可达8 μm;④孔缘一般为以绿泥石为主的黏土,形成不连续的圈环;圈环上缘的黏土多呈弧形或眉状,绿泥石化明显,在背散射图像中呈亮色;⑤孔内多有自生的纳米级葡萄状或豆渣状黏土,是构成封存油气的物质基础;⑥生排烃高压扩张微米孔可以组合成4种类型：即垂向联结成垂直的排烃烟囱型、垂向联结成倾斜的排烃烟囱型、水平联结成顺层的排烃管型和竖面上联结成更大的片状大孔型。排烃烟囱直或微曲,直立或倾斜;宽1~3 μm,最宽可达200 μm;高十几到30 μm,最大可达1500 μm;顶部多与顺层微米缝（或毫米缝）联结,是排烃烟囱的最终泄压和泄油气的总库;生排烃扩张微米孔孔隙度变化大,面孔率一般在5%~6%,局部面孔率最高可达39. 66%。生排烃高压扩张微米缝的特点有：①一般只发育在超高压的页岩油储层中;②一般只发育在黏土质长英页岩中,纯黏土岩少见;③多以顺页理为主的微米缝为主;④略曲的张性缝,多呈锯齿状,绕过刚性矿物;⑤宽度多在0. 5 μm到数十微米;最宽可达150 μm;⑥多与黄铁矿、白云石、磷灰石等自生矿物伴生;⑦多与生排烃扩张微米孔和排烃烟囱相连。生排烃扩张微米孔缝的形成动力主要有两种：一种是烃类流体的高压扩张力;第二种是烃类流体的化学溶蚀力。笔者等计算了形成这种生排烃微米孔和微米缝的压力,形成生排烃扩张微米孔从1500 m的44. 74 MPa到2500 m深的74. 81 MPa;形成生排烃扩张微米缝的排烃压力稍大,在相同深度比形成生排烃扩张微米孔大3 MPa。生排烃扩张微米孔缝与其他孔缝相连构成了一个储运网络,使储层的储集能力和渗透性大幅增加,是可动用储量的主要贡献者,为古龙页岩油的开发创造了有利条件。生排烃扩张微米孔缝的发现对于古龙页岩油的勘探开发具有重要意义,同时对于页岩油储层的研究具有启发作用。     

莒县长岭镇整合矿产资源促进矿业经济可持续发展

日照市莒县长岭镇走规模化、集约化经营之路,使该镇一度陷入低谷的砖瓦产业重新焕发生机,一度外流的投资业户重新归来。截至目前,全镇砖瓦厂已发展到30余处,形成年消耗页岩粘土60万m3,年产砖瓦4.2亿片(块)的生产能力。产品畅销省内外,甚至国外,年产值过亿元,仅此一项税收就占全     

NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程

介绍了NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程方法和具体实现，解决了在科研绘图工作中遇到的一些实际问题，对在Windows下编程的静态链接和动态链接进行了分析和研究，为Fortran编程员提供了在Windows下编程的基础。     

海水入侵水化学指标及侵染程度评价研究

选择Ｃｌ＾,Ｍ、Ｂｒ＾－,ｒＨＣＯ３／ｒＣｌ及ＳＡＲ５项水化学要素作为综合判断海水入侵的指标：染程度划分为４级;确定了各项指标入程度的等级范围。入侵程度的衡理采用模糊数学综合判模型。     

基于审查回归模型的公众气象服务支付意愿影响因素分析——以无锡、武汉和西安为例

采用审查回归模型,分别选取了中国东、中、西部的三个典型城市无锡、武汉和西安,计算了三城市受访者的支付意愿值,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）支付意愿值与地区经济发展水平直接相关。无锡、武汉和西安受访者的支付意愿分别为21.68,17.15和10.07元/年;（2）年龄越长者,由于其天气知识更丰富、日常消费较节俭,对气象服务的支付意愿越低;（3）文化程度越高者,更能理解和支持气象服务事业,对气象服务的支付意愿越高;（4）月收入变量对气象服务的支付意愿有显著影响,但就不同城市的受访者而言,影响的方向并不一致。     

河南省近年来遥感监测的森林火灾时空分布规律分析

森林火灾作为一种自然灾害,其发生原因不仅来自于自然因素,从众多的火灾调查中发现,更多地来自于人类活动因素,其发生的时空分布特点和规律,受自然和人类活动共同影响.对2003-2008年春、冬季(11月-次年4月)河南省森林防火期内遥感监测并已查明的森林火灾进行统计分析,结果发现:河南省森林火灾近年来有逐年增多的趋势;冬、春之交的3月为森林火灾的高发月份;从火灾的日变化规律来看,12-15时为一天中森林火灾的高发时段;从火灾发生的空间分布来看,伏牛山南麓发生森林火灾的频率较高.     

末次冰盛期-全新世东海陆坡滑塌沉积的地质年代与沉积学证据

基于东海陆坡区OT12-01孔长度为5.35 m沉积物AMS 14C测年、高分辨率粒度分析和XRF岩芯元素扫描数据,识别出了末次冰盛期(LGM)至全新世期间发生的多次滑塌事件。研究发现,OT12-01孔全新世晚期沉积层缺失,LGM至全新世期间呈现AMS 14C年龄模式频繁倒转、沉积物粒度、元素比值垂向上多处突变或"错动"等特征,保存了LGM至全新世非连续的沉积记录。OT12-01孔沉积物主要来源于低海平面时期的长江/黄河物质,OT12-01孔是由中国大陆陆源物质在东海陆架经水动力分选,细颗粒被搬运至东海陆坡后,发生多次滑塌形成。LGM时期物源供给是OT12-01孔形成滑塌沉积的重要因素,末次冰消期海平面快速上升可能是高频滑塌沉积的触发原因,而低海平面时期甲烷水合物溢出、频繁的地震和火山喷发可能是海底滑坡作用发生的诱因。     

Residents′Activity-travel Behavior Variation by Communities in Beijing,China

China’s transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship between the built environment and activity-travel behavior.This paper draws upon data from an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2007.The survey sample comprised 652 residents living in Danwei(work unit),commodity housing,and affordable housing neighborhoods.On the basis of the three-dimensional geo-visualization analysis of the space-time path and statistical multivariate regression models of daily travel and leisure time,it was found that both residential spatial factors and socio-demographics influence residents’ daily behaviors.The findings show that Danwei residents have less daily travel time than those who live in commodity housing,but people living in affordable housing endure the longest travel time.Daily leisure time is associated more with individual attributes.We argue that although China’s transition is currently gradual,the Danwei system may continue to play significant roles in daily life,and it might provide a valuable model for neighborhood spatial planning.     

Surface-deformation monitoring in the permafrost regions over the Tibetan Plateau,using Sentinel-1 data

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(D-In SAR) has been widely used to measure surface deformation over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the accuracy and applicability of the D-In SAR method are not well estimated due to the lack of in-situ validation. In this paper, we mapped the seasonal and long-term displacement of Tanggula(TGL) and Liangdaohe(LDH) permafrost regions with a stack of Sentinel-1 acquisitions using the Small Baseline Subset In SAR(SBAS-In SAR) method. In the TGL region, with its dry soils and sparse vegetation, the In SAR-derived surface-deformation trend was consistent with ground-based leveling results; long-term changes of the active layer showed a settlement rate of around 1 to 3 mm/a due to the melting of ground ice, indicating a degrading permafrost in this area. Around half of the deformation was picked up on monitoring, in contrast with in-situ measurements in LDH, implying that the D-In SAR method remarkably underestimated the surface-deformation. This phenomenon may be induced by the large soil-water content, high vegetation coverage, or a combination of these two factors in this region. This study demonstrates that surface deformation could be mapped accurately for a specific region with Sentinel-1 C-band data, such as in the TGL region.Moreover, although the D-In SAR technology provides an efficient solution for broad surface-deformation monitoring in permafrost regions, it shows a poor performance in the region with high soil-water content and dense vegetation coverage.