基于GPS的云南地区活动地块现今运动及应变特征分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件,对云南境内以及川滇交界区域2009年、2011年、2013年3期陆态网络区域网联测数据进行处理,得到欧亚框架下的测站运动速度场。将云南地区划分为4个活动地块及7个次级构造单元,以GPS速度场为约束,建立块体的整体旋转与均匀应变模型(REHSM),采用最小二乘法,得到华南、滇东、滇中、川滇菱块南段、印支、保山及腾冲地块的运动速度。对活动块体运动进行分析,认为云南地块运动方向由SSE向逐渐至SSW向变化,具有顺时针旋转特征,运动幅度由西向东、由北向南逐渐减弱,菱形块体外各块体运动速度大幅衰减。从应变率参数结果看,华南地块、滇东块体主要受SE向压应力场控制,到滇中地块转为SE—SSE向,滇西北地区应力场方向为SSE向,滇西南印支地块为NNW向,滇西南腾冲—保山地块主要受NE—NNE向应力场控制。     

云南境内陆态网络GNSS观测资料数据处理与初步结果

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件对云南境内陆态网络GNSS观测资料,包括27个GNSS基准站自2011年至今的连续观测资料,以及170多个GNSS区域站2009、2011、2013年3期区域复测资料进行了处理,基线处理的重复性在水平方向优于1.79mm+1.1×10?9×S,在垂直方向优于5.99mm+1.46×10?9×S(S为基线长度,以mm为单位),计算得到了基线及点位时间序列和欧亚框架下的测站运动速度场。初步分析了坐标时间序列的变化规律,并利用刚体运动模型反演了云南地区各活动块体的现今地壳运动,初步结果表明云南地块运动方向逐渐由SSE向SSW变化,运动幅度由西向东、由北向南逐渐减弱,菱形块体外各个块体运动速度大幅衰减。该初步结果可为后期GNSS数据的进一步运用提供参考。     

Doppler Radar Data Assimilation with a Local SVD-En3DVar Method

An observation localization scheme is introduced into an ensemble-based three-dimensional variational (3DVar) assimilation method based on the singular value decomposition technique (SVD-En3DVar) to improve assimilation skill. A point-by-point analysis technique is adopted in which the weight of each observation decreases with increasing distance between the analysis point and the observation point. A set of numerical experiments, in which simulated Doppler radar data are assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, is designed to test the scheme. The results are compared with those obtained using the original global and local patch schemes in SVD-En3DVar, neither of which includes this type of observation localization. The observation localization scheme not only eliminates spurious analysis increments in areas of missing data, but also avoids the discontinuous analysis fields that arise from the local patch scheme. The new scheme provides better analysis fields and a more reasonable short-range rainfall forecast than the original schemes. Additional forecast experiments that assimilate real data from 10 radars indicate that the short-term precipitation forecast skill can be improved by assimilating radar data and the observation localization scheme provides a better forecast than the other two schemes.     

襄垣县54年气温降水特征对农作物影响

本文对襄垣县1957年-2010年的气温降水特征进行了分析,并对气候变化给当地农作物带来的影响进行了评价。分析表明,襄垣县近54年来年平均气温可分为一个冷期和一个暖期,且整体以0．3℃／10a的倾向率上升,春、秋、冬季气温变化趋势与年平均气温变化趋势一致,夏季则相反;年平均降水可分为两个多雨期和两个少雨期,并以-11．56mm／10a的倾向率减少,夏、秋季降水变化趋势与年降水变化趋势一致,春、冬季则相反;气候变化给当地农作物增产稳产带来了不利影响。     

非地转湿Q矢量在台风暴雨预报中的应用试验

利用NCEP/NCAR全球格点资料和TRMM卫星资料,采用改进后的非地转湿Q矢量,对0908号台风＂莫拉克＂引起的台湾南部特大暴雨过程进行预报应用试验。试验结果表明：（1）850 hPa高度层的非地转湿Q矢量散度及水汽通量散度分布可以预报未来24 h暴雨的落区及其雨带的分布,暴雨发生在Q矢量散度梯度大值区靠近辐合区域,同时该区域要有水汽辐合中心,雨带分布与该梯度大值区分布基本一致。（2）Q矢量辐合区的倾斜式发展很好地描述了暴雨中心强对流系统垂直结构,强对流系统发展旺盛期出现在暴雨发生前的18 h,具有一定预报意义。（3）台风暴雨发生在次级环流的上升支附近,最强次级环流上升支出现在暴雨发生时期;次级环流中的上升气流从低层到高层的倾斜方向较好地描述了雨带的移动,次级环流的调整比雨带移动提前了24 h,具有较好的预报应用价值。     

黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程特征和成因分析

利用日本MTSAT1R卫星数据、常规地面和高空观测数据、NCEP FNL客观再分析资料和NEARGOOS（NorthEast Asian Regional Global Ocean Observing System）的海表温度（SST）数据,分析了2010年5月31日至6月5日发生在黄渤海及周边地区的一次持续性海雾天气的形成、维持、消散特征及其物理机制。结果表明：大雾形成前低层水汽非常充沛,入海变性冷高压的稳定维持为这次持续性海雾过程提供了有利的背景条件,海雾在夜间辐射冷却作用下形成;大雾期间黄渤海     

川渝地区气温随地形、经度和纬度的变化(英文)

Using the daily temperature data of 95 meteorological stations from Si-chuan-Chongqing Region and its surrounding areas, this paper adopted these methods (e.g., linear regression, trend coefficient, geographical statistics, gray relational analysis and spatial analysis functions of GIS) to analyze the relations of temperature variability with topography, latitude and longitude. Moreover, the rank of gray correlation between temperature variability and elevation, longitude, latitude, topographic position and surface roughness also was measured. These results indicated: (1) The elevation affected temperature variability most obviously, followed by latitude, and longitude. The slope of the linear regression between temperature change rate and elevation, latitude and longitude was 0.4142, 0.0293 and -0.3270, respectively. (2) The rank of gray correlation between temperature change rate and geographic factors was elevation > latitude > surface roughness > topographic position > longitude. The gray correla-tion degree between temperature change rate and elevation was 0.865, followed by latitude with 0.796, and longitude with 0.671. (3) The rate of temperature change enhanced with the increase of elevation. Especially, the warming trend was significant in the plateau and mountain areas of western Sichuan, and mountain and valley areas of southwestern Sichuan (with the warming rate of 0.74℃/10a during the 1990s). However, there was a weak warming trend in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding low mountain and hilly areas. (4) The effects of latitude on temperature change rate presented the specific regulation, which the warming rate of low-latitude areas was more significant than that of high-latitude areas. However, they were consistent with the regulation that the increasing of low temperature controlled most of the warming trend, due to the effects of terrain and elevation on annual mean temperature. (5) Ba-sically, temperature variability along longitude direction resulted from the regular change of elevation along longitude. It was suggested that, in Sichuan-Chongqing Region, special features of temperature variability largely depended on the terrain complexity (e.g., undulations, mutations and roughness). The elevation level controlled only high or low annual mean temperature and the range of temperature change rate in the macro sense.     

重要天气自动化语音报警软件的研制

介绍了重要天气报文的格式及种类,以及如何利用Visual Basic编程语言对报文进行判别,提取重要天气报的相关信息,进行语音报警显示的方法.     

废雷尼镍催化剂的组成分析

运用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、等离子体发射光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜、元素分析等多种仪器分析手段,对一种废雷尼镍催化剂的组成进行全面分析,该废催化剂中镍元素的含量较高,具有较高的回收利用价值;通过实验得到其中组分镍、铝、钙、铁、钼、铜、硅的定量信息和部分定性信息,建立了废雷尼镍催化剂中镍回收利用的技术方案。