水热法合成黄铁矿微观形貌和结构的观测与表征

模拟热液型金矿床中黄铁矿生成的地质条件,采用硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)和硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)为铁源和硫源,在Fe/S比为1∶3、温度180~200 ℃、加热时间24 h条件下考察黄铁矿的结晶情况。用SEM扫描电镜观察在不同水热条件下合成黄铁矿的形态及成分;用多晶X射线衍射仪(XRD)确定了产物物相组成;用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测表征了黄铁矿晶体的形态和结构。结果表明：在200 ℃时黄铁矿为粒状,粒度较均匀,粒径1 μm左右。在180 ℃时黄铁矿除有尺寸在1 μm左右粒状黄铁矿外,还有不规则带状黄铁矿晶体,带宽为200 nm左右。认为水热条件中,随着结晶温度的逐步升高,黄铁矿的形貌逐步由不规则形状向规则形状的转变。所以在实验温度较高阶段,形成规则的粒状形貌;在低温阶段,则会出现不规则带状形貌。     

福建省地理国情监测试点工作实践

地理国情监测是测绘工作的新课题、新使命、新战略、新起点。众多测绘地理信息人士对该命题从不同角度,不同高度,横向、纵向等各个方面阐述了自己的观点,有些观点、看法相当有深度,给如何开展地理国情监测指明了方向。本文结合福建省地理国情监测试点工作,提出自己的一点意见和看法。     

Are creative workers happier in Chinese cities? The influence of work,lifestyle, and amenities on urban well-being

This paper examines two propositions in the creative-class debate in the context of China’s large cities. The first evaluates Richard Florida’s contention that creative workers enjoy higher level of well-being and are happier than blue-collar workers. The second investigates the influence of urban amenities, lifestyle, and work on creative workers’ happiness. Both propositions are analyzed in relation to China’s post-Socialist, industrial, and mining cities. Based on data from a household survey, the results indicate that Chinese creative workers are indeed happier in post-Socialist, or service-sector oriented, cities. However, creative work does not explain their happiness. Stable social sites that reinforce authentic experience of urban cultural amenities (e.g. the teahouse rather than modern coffeehouses, bars, and theaters) are a significant factor for creative-class happiness in post-Socialist Chinese cities. However, creative work is more likely to explain creative-class happiness in mining cities. Further, our study found that blue-collar workers report a higher level of happiness in those settings with less pronounced inter- and intra-class distinctions at the workplace—in those places where power and status are more evenly distributed.     

丛生竹根系抗拉力学特性

竹林是具有水土保持功能的一种重要植被,其地下根系力学性能好坏是影响竹林固土力学作用的重要因素。为了了解丛生竹林地下根系的抗拉力学特性,利用自制的植物根系抗拉力学特性野外便携实验系统,对料慈竹、绿竹、龙竹、香竹4种丛生竹根系进行了现场拉伸实验,测量这4种丛生竹不同直径根系的抗拉力、应变,并通过计算得到抗拉强度和弹性模量。结果表明,4种丛生竹根系最大抗拉力与根直径的关系呈幂函数正相关增长,抗拉强度与根直径的关系呈幂函数负相关增长。根系平均抗拉力分别为料慈竹(59.47 N)、香竹(58.65 N)、龙竹(43.51 N)、绿竹(40.80 N),平均抗拉强度依次为龙竹(30.24 MPa)、料慈竹(23.14 MPa)、绿竹(22.83 MPa)、香竹(18.14 MPa),平均极限应变较为接近,在14%～18%之间,平均弹性模量值为龙竹(169.86 MPa)、料慈竹(166.37MPa)、绿竹(158.36 MPa)、香竹(135.56 MPa),最高峰值达到350 MPa。4种丛生竹相比,龙竹根系的综合抗拉力学性能最好,其次是料慈竹和绿竹,最后是香竹。与常见造林树种油松、落叶松、白桦相比,丛生竹根系具有较好的抗拉力学性能。     

Paleoclimatic evolution indicated by major geochemical elements from aeolian sediments on the east of Qinghai Lake

As the largest inland lake of China, along with its unique landscape and geographical location, Qinghai Lake has got much attention of the scientists for a long time. The precursors have done substantive researches by using the lake sediment, which deepen our understanding of the climate changes in this region. Although sand dunes and loess sediment are widely distributed around the lake, so far the researches on geochemical elements from aeolian sediment have been less reported. In this paper, we selected a typical aeolian profile on the east of Qinghai Lake. Based on systematic sampling and analysis of seven major geochemical elements, combined with OSL dating and previous researches, this paper discusses climate changes in the Qinghai Lake area since 12.5 ka B.P.. Our conclusions are: (1) Before 12.5 ka B.P., the climate in this region was dry, cold, and accompanied by strong wind-sand activities. (2) During 12.5–11.9 ka B.P., the climate became warm and wet. However, there was an abrupt climate cooling event during 12.2–11.9 ka B.P., which likely corresponded to the Younger Dryas event. (3) During 11.9–8.0 ka B.P., the climate fluctuated greatly and frequently from warm to cold, and three cooling events occurred. (4) During 8.0–2.6 ka B.P., the climate was warm and humid. (5) Since 2.6 ka B.P., similar to the modern climate, the climate was mainly dry and cold.     

Developing Diagnostic Tools for X-Wind Jets

Here we outline the development of a diagnostic tool for probing the jet phenomena from YSOs. We adopt the X-wind model for jets and winds as our background framework. We review the basic dynamical model, the crucial physics that affects the thermal structure and excitation condition of such flows, and interpretation and predictions of radiation based on such approaches. We also suggest possible diagnostics suitable for probing physical conditions that arise in YSO jets.     

强震前重力场等位面二次偏微商异常变化分析

采用相关分析方法对北京平谷台 1971～ 1977年获得的重力位 2次偏微商曲率值 K进行处理 ,消除降雨等噪声对观测值的影响 ,得到较真实的重力等位面弯曲变化值 KS。分析研究的结果表明 ,1975年 2月 4日海城 7.3级地震、1976年 7月 2 8日唐山 7.8级地震、1976年 11月 15日宁河 6 .9级地震、1977年 5月 12日宁河 6 .5级地震前 ,曲率值 KS均有明显的震前异常出现。在此基础上进行定量分析处理 ,求得各次地震前 KS值的真正异常变化量△ KS,并运用近似积分法求得异常面积与地震震级之间的关系 ,初步建立了预报方程 ,从而为单台重力异常预报不同距离发生的地震震级提供一种借鉴方法     

A mesoscale model used in the Polar regions： modification and verification

1 IntroductionChina has been carrying out 23 field experiments over the Antarctic since 1984 andmany observations on the aspect of oceanography were conducted. The changes of tempera-ture and precipitation in the polar regions have effecton global climate…     

Horizontal refraction modal tomography of the ocean with modeinteractions

The acoustical tomography scheme for inferring a three-dimensional sound-speed field within some area based on the measurements of horizontal refraction angles is reviewed. The numerical simulations made so far were based on the assumption of the adiabaticity of low-frequency mode propagation. In this paper, an inversion scheme is presented that accounts for the acoustic mode interaction. We found that, generally, the interaction weakly affects the horizontal refraction angle, and it can be accounted for by iterations. Numerical simulations for the case of an Atlantic “meddy” corresponding to a strong double channel stratification are presented. Only three iterations were required to retrieve the exact strong sound-speed-field inhomogeneity within an area of 500 km×500 km     

库车前陆冲断带盐下深层压力特征及其油气勘探意义

库车前陆冲断带盐下深层气藏埋深大, 普遍发育超压。通过收集大量盐下深层压力实测数据, 开展压力分布规律研究, 揭示其与气藏的形成及分布之间的联系。结果表明, 库车前陆冲断带盐下深层压力分布为85~127 MPa, 压力系数分布为1.5~1.9, 为超压特征。平面上, 地层压力和压力系数分布表现为南北分带、东西分段的特征。侏罗系烃源岩距白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩顶部为1 500~4 000 m之间, 平均为3 000 m, 源储压差在70 MPa以上, 超压流体为天然气强充注成藏提供动力条件, 是形成高效气藏的必要条件。平面上, 盐下深层大气藏(田)的分布与超压分布区叠置;纵向上, 气藏群位于超压集中发育的封闭楔形冲断体内, 成排成带分布。