山东省地形变数字化与模拟观测资料的对比分析

对山东省水管仪，伸缩仪的数字化和模拟观测资料进行了对比分析，对资料的完整性，稳定性，可靠性进行了评价，并对资料的变化趋势，均值，方差一致性利用相关分析、t检验、F检验等方法进行了统计检验。观测资料在地震分析预报中的应用结果表明：（1）水管仪、伸缩仪数字化观测资料的完整性，稳定性和可靠性优于模拟观测资料，数字化观测可代替模拟观测；（2）水管仪、伸缩仪数字化和模拟观测资料的变化趋势一致性很好，均值、方差一致性较差，仅有个别测顶一致。（3）潮汐分析和非潮汐分析方法是识别强震前中短期和短临异常的可行方法。     

采矿区地层移动GPS动态监测数据的小波分析

地下煤炭资源的开采会引起岩层和地表移动。为研究开采引起的地形变规律，用小波理论对兖煤集团东滩煤矿的GPS动态变形监测资料进行多尺度一维分解、阈值选择和自动消噪等分析，提取了变形的主要因素，说明了小波分析的有效性和可行性。     

形变数字化资料综合评价

以观测条件及观测质量居全国前列的山东泰安台为例．对固体潮形变观测的数字化与模拟资料的一致性、精度等方面进行了对比研究，认为固体潮的数字化与模拟观测资料的形态、观测精度、方差及均值无显著差异。通过对潮汐因子中误差、相位滞后及仪器零漂等参量的计算，对山东、上海及江苏各套形变数字化仪器观测资料的连续性、稳定性及观测质量进行了综合分析。在数字化倾斜仪中，水管倾斜仪的稳定性及精度较高，石英摆存在一定程度的漂移，垂直摆倾斜仪的漂移较大且资料精度较低。伸缩仪也存在精度较低的情况，但数字化资料精度略高于模拟资料；压容及体应变仪资料精度较高，但压容仪漂移较大，仪器稳定性不及体应变仪；体应变仪受气压、水位影响较显著。山东各形变台观测贤料总体质量较好，上海余山、江苏常熟台次之，江苏徐州台较其它台受降雨干扰大、漂移大，资料的稳定性及精度较低，说明台址条件是决定观测质量的重要因素之一。     

用GPS监测城市地面沉降的可行性研究

研究了用GPS观测取代常规水准测量方法监测城市地面沉降变化的可行性。在宁波市进行了两期GPS测量和水准测量，观测中并采取一定的措施以获得高精度的高程分量。顾及到对流层延迟的影响，采用Saastamcinen模型改正对流层延迟的干分量部分，用分段线性方法来估计对流层的湿分量变化。用Bernese软件对数据进行处理，获得了毫米级的高程精度。实际算例证明，用GPS测量代替水准测量来监测城市地面沉降变化是可行的。     

东海外陆架晚更新世沉积物中的有用重矿物及其资源潜力

对东海外陆架中部表层沉积物34个样品,南部两个岩心75个样品的沉积物特征和重矿物特征进行了分析,计算了其中有用重矿物砂的品位。东海外陆架晚更新世残留沉积中有用的重矿物砂来源于中国大陆,其含量与细砂含量、重矿物总量、沉积物的粒度和分选性呈正相关关系。重矿物砂赋存在海退层位中,形成于滨岸带,并经过后期海侵过程的改造和进一步富集,主要分布在水深100～200 m范围内。外陆架中部有用重矿物砂高品位异常区面积达1.2×10.4 km锆石和石榴石品位达到Ⅰ级异常。南部岩心中异常品位的有用重矿物砂的厚度1.5～2 m,锆石品位达到工业边界品位,研究区钛铁矿普遍出现Ⅱ级和Ⅱ级以上的异常品位。东海外陆架区浅海砂矿成矿条件较好,具有较大的资源潜力,值得进一步调查研究。     

西藏班戈地区雪如岩体的形成环境及成矿意义

雪如岩体主要由中细粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒斑状二长花岗岩组成,在其与郎山组灰岩接触带附近发育有大量的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床或矿化点.岩石及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、XRF、ICP-AES等分析显示,雪如岩体富K₂O、SiO₂、LREE及Rb、Ba、Pb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等高场强元素含量相对较低,稀土元素配分曲线为明显的右倾曲线,具有中等的负Eu异常,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列和后碰撞花岗岩类,成岩时代分别为79.25±0.97 Ma和79.72±0.51 Ma,形成于早白垩世末-晚白垩世初班公湖-怒江缝合带闭合后、羌塘地体与拉萨地体的后碰撞阶段.综合认为,雪如岩体岩浆源区为下地壳富含流体的石榴石角闪岩相-斜长角闪岩相的镁铁质岩石,是在后碰撞环境下经部分熔融形成的花岗岩类,对班戈地区铜铁多金属成矿非常有利;矽卡岩型铜铁成矿作用发生于80 Ma左右,该认识为区域找矿指明了方向.      

Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution

The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a     

Quantitative Analysis of Groundwater Flow near a Partially Penetrating River under Riverside Pumping

According to practical geological and hydrogeological conditions of riverside water-supply well fields in northwestern China, an ideal hydrogeological model has been generalized and a three-dimensional mathematical model has been set up. A finite difference method was applied to simulating groundwater flow near a partially penetrating river under riverside pumping, and to analyzing the effects of river width, partial penetration and permeability of riverbed sediments on groundwater recharges. Results show that riverside pumping may cause groundwater to flow beneath the partially penetrating river, and that river width, penetration and riverbed permeability obviously influence flows from the partially penetrating river and constant-head boundaries. However, the pumping output is mainly from the partially penetrating river.     

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soil-Water Systems

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes. After a 110-days' biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%-10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43%. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.