The neutrino in the Friedmann universe: Non-zero rest-mass effects

We have considered the problem of the propagation of nonzero rest-mass neutrinos in the Friedmann dust universes of three types: open, flat, and closed, as well as in the radiation-dominated epoch of thehot universe. The total Lagrangian path of the particle has been calculated, and this is shown to be finite for all the three universes-contrary to the total path of the photon, which is infinite in the open and flat universes.We have found the particle horizon as a function of the relativistic parameter at the emission moment and at the moment of observation. The extreme relativistic and nonrelativistic particle motion and its difference from the photon motion have been investigated.     

Nonstationary frequency effect of the ground motion upon the strength levels of the shear type RC structures

In order to investigate the influence of nonstationary frequency content variations, nonlinear response analysis for origin-oriented type hysteretic model is carried out and results are presented by applying two different S_I and S_II ensembles with varied frequency contents. The theoretical background of strong motion simulation is explained briefly depending on frequency parameters of stiff soil data. Based on models and applying Monte-Carlo's simulation mean values and standard deviations of displacement ductility demands for both ensembles are calculated. Required strength levels are investigated in probabilistic sense adopting light and heavy (but controlled) damage criteria. It is concluded that the nonlinear behaviour of the structure is greatly influenced by the nonstationary frequency content deviations as being shown that larger strength requirements for the S_I type strong ground motion ensemble than the S_II, although both ensembles have almost the same acceleration response spectra.     

The Influence of Surface Inhomogeneities On Deep Electromagnetic Soundings of the Earth

Summary. Asymptotic expressions for components of the electromagnetic field of a grounded electric dipole are considered for the model consisting of a thin surface-layer overlapping a stratified medium with a highly resistive screen on the roof. It is shown that the method of spatial derivatives makes it possible to obtain proper estimates of the impedance at distances of r ≥|λ₀| from the nearest edge of the surface anomaly (|λ₀| being the effective depth of the field penetration in the underlying section). the magnetotelluric methods allow one to obtain the true values of impedance, provided r ≥ max {|λ₀|, |/( S ⁻¹+ Z ⁻₀|^1/2} where S is the integrated conductivity of the surface layer, is the transverse resistance of the screen, and Z ⁻₀ is the Tikhonov—Cagniard impedance for the medium underlying the surface layer.     

Inclusion of ice cover in a storm surge model for the Beaufort Sea

Storm surges in the Beaufort Sea present a severe problem for navigation as well as for offshore oil drilling activities. Influence of ice cover on storm surges in the Beaufort Sea is examined making use of a numerical model as well as a set of observations.The automated shallow-water model of Henry has been modified to incorporate ice cover and is adapted to the Beaufort Sea. The leading edge of the permanent ice is calculated from the loci of identifiable points. Generalized similarity theory is employed to compute wind stresses. Simulations are made using model-predicted ice concentrations and observed ice concentrations. Ice motion is relatively small in units of model grid distance (approximately 18 km) during surges. Spherical effects are important and should be included in future adaptations of the model. Comparison of the computed surges with observed surges for eight different events showed reasonable agreement.     

Alginite, a raw material for environmental control

Alginite, a material derived in part from ancient yellow-green algae, is an excellent natural fertilizer.     

Photoelectric photometry and photometric elements of LX Persei

In this paper we present the observations of the eclipsing binary LX Per, which were obtained in 1983. There is a wave-like distortion at outside eclipses with an amplitude ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 mag. The wave-like distortion was removed with a new approach. Then, the light curves were analyzed by the methods of Wood and Nelson, Davis, and Etzel. The absolute parameters of the components were also calculated. The physical parameters of the components indicate that the cooler star has seperated or has been departing from the Main Sequence.     

Growth rate and decay of magnetospheric ring current

The rate of energy input to the ring current is studied as a function of solar wind parameters. The ring current dissipation rate is also examined. The decay constant τ in the main phase of a storm has been shown to be independent of its intensity and to equal (4 ± 2) h. In the recovery phase τ rises with increasing storm intensity.     

Distribution of quasars and formation of large-scale structures

According to the proposal developed by Fanget al. (1984, referred to as Paper I) on formation of large-scale structure in the Universe, we should expect that:

1. The distributions of quasars should be different from that of galaxies by no strong inhomogeneity on the scale of 10–100 Mpc.
2. The distributions of quasars withZ>2 andZ<2 should be different from each other with no large-scale structure in the former, and conversely in the latter.

Our various statistical results obtained from quasar distributions are consistent with these predictions. Particularly, the nearest neighbour test for the complete quasar sample given by Savage and Bolton (1979) clearly shows that the distribution ofZ>2 quasars is rather homogeneous while theZ<2 quasars have a tendency to cluster.