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The paper ‘Guidelines on the use of inverse velocity method as a tool for setting alarm thresholds and forecasting landslides and structure collapses’ by T. Carlà, E. Intrieri, F. Di Traglia, T. Nolesini, G. Gigli and N. Casagli deals with a sensitive topic for landslide risk management. Exploring the pre-failure behaviour of four different case histories, the authors proposed standard procedures for the application of the inverse velocity method (INV, Fukuzono 1985). Specifically, they suggested guidelines for the filtering of velocity data and an original and simple approach to automatically set the first and the second alarm thresholds using the inverse velocity method. The present discussion addresses three different topics: (1) data filter selection according to the features of monitoring instrument; (2) the importance of data sampling frequency for the forecasting analysis and (3) the influence of the starting point (SP in this discussion) for the application of INV analysis. Moreover, based on this matter, a new method is proposed to update the INV analysis on an ongoing basis. 相似文献
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Serena Ceola Alberto Montanari Tobias Krueger Fiona Dyer Heidi Kreibich Ida Westerberg 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(16):2803-2817
ABSTRACTWe explore how to address the challenges of adaptation of water resources systems under changing conditions by supporting flexible, resilient and low-regret solutions, coupled with on-going monitoring and evaluation. This will require improved understanding of the linkages between biophysical and social aspects in order to better anticipate the possible future co-evolution of water systems and society. We also present a call to enhance the dialogue and foster the actions of governments, the international scientific community, research funding agencies and additional stakeholders in order to develop effective solutions to support water resources systems adaptation. Finally, we call the scientific community to a renewed and unified effort to deliver an innovative message to stakeholders. Water science is essential to resolve the water crisis, but the effectiveness of solutions depends, inter alia, on the capability of scientists to deliver a new, coherent and technical vision for the future development of water systems.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献
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Dr Serena Viti PhD Thomas W. Hartquist Philip C. Myers 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,302(1-4):109-115
We present models for the chemistry in gas moving towards the ionization front of an HII region. When it is far from the ionization
front, the gas is highly depleted of elements more massive than helium. However, as it approaches the ionization front, ices
are destroyed and species formed on the grain surfaces are injected into the gas phase. Photodissociation removes gas phase
molecular species as the gas flows towards the ionization front. We identify models for which the OH column densities are
comparable to those measured in observations undertaken to study the magnetic fields in star forming regions and give results
for the column densities of other species that should be abundant if the observed OH arises through a combination of the liberation
of H2O from surfaces and photodissociation. They include CH3OH, H2CO, and H2S. Observations of these other species may help establish the nature of the OH spatial distribution in the clouds, which is
important for the interpretation of the magnetic field results. 相似文献
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Andrea Cannata Iole Serena Diliberto Salvatore Alparone Salvatore Gambino Stefano Gresta Marcello Liotta Paolo Madonia Vincenzo Milluzzo Marco Aliotta Placido Montalto 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(1-2):167-182
Seismic activity, ground deformation, and soil and fumarole temperatures acquired during 2004–2007 at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) are analysed and the time relations among the different time series are discussed. Changes in temperature of fumarolic gases took place during four “anomalous” periods (November 2004–March 2005; October 2005–February 2006; August–October 2006; July–December 2007) at the same time as an increasing number of volcano-seismic events. In particular, the temperatures at high temperature vents and at steam heated soil ranged in time from 180 to 440°C and from 20 to 90°C, respectively. The maximum daily number of volcano-seismic events was 57, reached during the second anomalous period. This seismicity, characterised by focal depth generally lower than 1?km below sea level (b.s.l.) and composed of different kinds of events associated to both resonance and shear failure processes, is related to the shallow dynamics of the hydrothermal system. During the analysed period, very few volcano-tectonic earthquakes took place and tilt recordings showed no sharp or important changes. In light of such observations, the increases in both temperature and volcano-seismic events number were associated to increases in the release of gas from a deep and stable magma body, without magma intrusions within the shallow hydrothermal system. Indeed, a greater release of gas from depth leads to increased fluid circulation, that can promote increases in volcano-seismic events number by both fracturing processes and resonance and vibration in cracks and conduits. The different trends observed in the measured geochemical and geophysical series during the anomalous periods can be due to either time changes in the medium permeability or a changing speed of gas release from a deep magma body. Finally, all the observed variations, together with the changing temporal distribution of the different seismic event kinds, suggest that the hydrothermal system at Vulcano can be considered unsteady and dynamic. 相似文献
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Serena Cattari Stefania Degli Abbati Daniele Ferretti Sergio Lagomarsino Daria Ottonelli Antonio Tralli 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(5):2333-2365
The medieval fortresses are a very common and distinctive type among the Emilian historical constructions and the earthquake of May 20 and 29, 2012 highlighted their high vulnerability. Starting from the analysis of the geometrical and constructive features, the interpretation of their seismic vulnerability has been based on an accurate damage assessment and supported by the numerical results of typical configurations. An abacus of recurring seismic damage mechanisms in fortresses has been proposed: it in particular concerns the towers and their interaction with the fortress perimeter walls. Moreover, the seismic response of the most important fortresses in the epicentral area has been described referring to their historical notes, the recent interventions and their influence on the seismic damage. 相似文献
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Sonja Schuh Roberto Silvotti Ronny Lutz Björn Loeptien Elizabeth M. Green Roy H. Østensen Silvio Leccia Seung-Lee Kim Gilles Fontaine Stéphane Charpinet Myriam Francœur Suzanna Randall Cristina Rodríguez-López Valerie van Grootel Andrew P. Odell Margit Paparó Zsófia Bognár Péter Pápics Thorsten Nagel Benjamin Beeck Markus Hundertmark Thorsten Stahn Stefan Dreizler Frederic V. Hessman Massimo Dall’Ora Dario Mancini Fausto Cortecchia Serena Benatti Riccardo Claudi Rimvydas Janulis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):231-242
In 2007, a companion with planetary mass was found around the pulsating subdwarf B star V391 Pegasi with the timing method, indicating that a previously undiscovered population of substellar companions to apparently single subdwarf B stars might exist. Following this serendipitous discovery, the EXOTIME (http://www.na.astro.it/~silvotti/exotime/) monitoring program has been set up to follow the pulsations of a number of selected rapidly pulsating subdwarf B stars on time scales of several years with two immediate observational goals:
- determine $\dot{P}$ of the pulsational periods P
- search for signatures of substellar companions in O–C residuals due to periodic light travel time variations, which would be tracking the central star’s companion-induced wobble around the centre of mass
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