Kinetics of Hydrothermal Reactions of Minerals in Near-critical and Supercritical Water

This work presents new experimental results on the kinetics of mineral dissolution in near-critical and supercritical water in a temperature range (T) from 25 to 400℃ and a constant pressure of 23 MPa. Kinetic experiments were carried out by using a flow reactor (packed bed reactor) of an open system. The dissolution rates of albite and magnetite were measured under these experimental conditions. Na, Al and Si release rates for albite dissolution in water were measured as a function of the temperature and flow velocity in the reaction system. The maximum release rates of Na, AI and Si of albite dissolution in the hydrothermal flow systems under different flow velocities were always obtained at 300℃, that is to say, the maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow systems, regardless of different flow rates, were repeatedly measured at 300℃. Results indicate a wide fluctuation in albite dissolution rates occurring close to the critical point of water. The dissolution rates increased when the temperatu     

铂族元素地球化学研究评述

随着分析技术的发展和数据的积累,人们逐渐认识到PGE在地球化学研究方面具有潜在的应用价值。但地幔中PGE的存在形式目前尚不清楚,在许多方面还有争议。文中通过大量的实例综述了近年来PGE的分异机制和其在上地幔分布不均一性方面取得的进展以及存在的问题,结果表明:除Au外,蚀变作用并不影响PGE的分异;PGE主要以硫化物或合金的形式赋存于地幔岩石中,其分布不均匀,单一地依靠PGE与MgO,Cr,Ni的相关性来探讨部分熔融、分离结晶过程中橄榄石、尖晶石、铬铁矿对PGE分异的影响是不全面的,必须考虑硫化物的作用;地幔岩石具有包裹体和粒间两种不同PGE分配模式的硫化物。地幔源区或板内携带PGE流体交代以粒间硫化物为主的地幔岩石。使其PGE发生分异;不管是核幔分离后外核物质的返回,还是单一硫化物的作用都不能完全否定陨石撞击的地球增生假说。在大的区域,上地幔PGE的分布是均一的,但在一定范围内由于不同的大地构造背景,其PGE的分布显示不均一性。     

太阳耀斑对电离层天顶方向电子总量的影响

对2000年7月14日太阳耀斑爆发期间北京、武汉、上海3个观测站的GPS数据进行了精化处理,计算出各个卫星交叉点沿天顶方向上的电子总量,并对是否消除仪器偏差的计算结果进行了比较,从时间域、空间域上分析了这次耀斑爆发时电离层电子总量变化的特点。结果表明：利用精化的GPS数据才能更好地反映出太阳耀斑爆发时电离层电子总量的突变情况和变化规律。分析1998年11月22日和2000年7月14日耀斑爆发期间的GPS资料,还发现在耀斑爆发前一天与耀斑爆发相对应的一个时间段内,如果卫星交叉点的运动轨迹是从高纬到低纬的运动,这些交叉点的VTEC(天顶方向上的电子总量)值在该时间段内有迅速增长的异常现象。这是否是耀斑爆发的“前兆”现象,值得进一步研究。     

Nd-Sr Isotopic Geochemistry of the Late Archean-Paleoproterozoic Granitoids in the Lüliang-Wutai Terrain,North China Craton,and Implications for Petrogenesis

1 Introduction The tectono-thermal evolution of the North China Craton (NCC) in Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic times has long been attractive to many researchers (Wan et al., 2000; Zhao et al., 2000, 2002; Guo et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2002; Zhai and Liu 2003; Zhai, 2004; Yu et al., 2004; Kr?ner et al., 2005; Wilde et al., 2005). Zhao et al. (2000, 2002) proposed a tectono-thermo framework for the evolution of the NCCbased on detailed petrological and geochronological data, and they …     

GRV 99027火星陨石的岩石学和矿物学特征

GRV 99027陨石是二辉橄榄岩质辉玻无球粒陨石(L-S)的火星陨石新成员,具有嵌晶、非嵌晶和冲击熔融袋结构。矿物模式组成以橄榄石(55%)、辉石(37．5%)为主,有少量熔长石(6%)、铬铁矿(1．5%)以及微量白磷钙石、陨硫铁等。其矿物的化学成分较为均一,无分带现象。橄榄石组分为Fo_(69．1～76．6)Fa_(23．4～30．9),平均Fo_(72．4)Fa_(27．6),低钙易变辉石为En_(59．3～75．1) Fs_(20．5～26．9)Wo_(3．1～14．9),平均En_(68．6)Fs_(23．5)Wo_(8．0),普通辉石为En_(46．6～53)Fs_(13．1～16．1)Wo_(31．9～37．8),平均En_(50．7)Fs_(14．5)Wo_(34．8),熔长石为An_(43．6～59．3) Ab_(40．2～54．6)Or_(0．5～1．8),平均An_(52．4)Ab_(46．7)Or_(0．8)。该陨石的结晶顺序是：亏损的火星幔源区部分熔融形成的原始母岩浆最先结晶的是嵌晶区的橄榄石和铬铁矿,随后易变辉石晶出,呈主晶包裹橄榄石和铬铁矿；此后,橄榄石、易变辉石、普通辉石持续结晶,直到残余熔体在晶隙形成斜长石和白磷钙石等。在这陨石中的易变辉石和普通辉石共存,二辉石温度计显示平衡温度为1000～1190℃(平均≈1146℃)。GRV 99027经历的亚固相再平衡,其程度为ALH 77005≈GRV 99027＞LEW 88516＞Y 793605。GRV 99027经受的冲击压力为30～45 GPa,,局部达到60～80GPa,冲击后温度可能＜600℃。     

东秦岭松树沟超基性岩体“热”侵位时代新知

松树沟超镁铁质岩体位于秦岭商-丹断裂以北,是该地区出露最大的超基性岩体,并以侵入方式与秦岭杂岩接触.该岩体主要由细粒纯橄榄岩、中粗粒纯橄榄岩和斜辉橄榄岩组成.利用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb法对采自该岩体北侧接触变质带的榴闪岩进行锆石定年,获得206pb/238U变质年龄为518±19 Ma.以上工作初步证实该岩体大致在0.52 Ga左右的构造热事件中侵位于秦岭杂岩中.     

REE and εNd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean:Evidence for clay sources

The surface sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean are mainly composed of biogenetic fossils, silicate detritus, ferromanganese spherolites and clay fractions. Among them, the clay fractions with grain size less than 2 μm (mainly clay minerals) are mostprevalent, especially in the non-calcareous sediments (the content of calcareous fossils is less than 5%), the clay fraction contents often exceed 70%[1―5]. Because of the influences of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), equatorial currents, …     

Sorption of Zr~(4+) and Hf~(4+) onto Hydrous Ferric Oxide and Their Fractionation Behaviors:An experimental Study

1 Introduction Coherent element pairs (Y3+-Ho3+, Zr4+-Hf4+, Nb5+-Ta5+ and Sr2+-Eu2+) have the same valences and very similar ionic radii. They are seldom fractionated during silicate mineral/melt interaction systems because the partitioning of these element pairs between melts and minerals is tightly controlled by charge valence and crystal structure (lattice site size) or ionic radius. The concentration ratios of these pairs in igneous rocks are close to the chondritic values (Y/Ho=28, Zr…     

十八烷的裂解动力学研究(I):气态烃组分及其碳同位素演化特征

本文通过对纯烃类化合物——正十八烷的动力学模拟实验,阐述了正十八烷裂解过程中气态烃组分及其同位素的演化特征,获得了产自正十八烷的甲烷生成动力学参数。运用动力学参数将模拟实验结果外推到地质条件下,表明由烷烃裂解形成的甲烷主要生成于150～200℃(Easy%Ro介于1.0%～2.0%)的范围,裂解产生的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷的碳同位素分馏效应与Easy%Ro的关系曲线受升温速率的影响,不能直接应用于地质条件。     

Complicated responses of stalagmite δ ~(13)C to climate change during the last glaciation from Hulu Cave, Nanjing,China

Secondary carbonates deposited inside caves have been considered as good archives of past climate variations at orbital, millennial to centennial, and de-cadal to annual timescales[1-3]. Change in δ 13C value is generally believed to reflect a change in the ratio of C4 to C3 plants, which have different photosynthetic pathways[4]. However, for given vegetation, the bio-genic CO2 production in soils can cause δ 13C to vary from ?12‰ to ?4‰[5]. Also, enhanced precipitation can lead to rapi…