An Ion Chromatography Method for the Determination of Major Anions In Geothermal Water Samples

A single-column suppressed ion chromatography technique was employed for the simultaneous determination of major and trace anions in sulfaterich groundwater samples. An analytical column, a self regenerating suppressor and sodium carbonate as the eluent were used to separate the anions. Method detection limits for the anions of interest were 10.4, 15.9, 36.8, 62, 60, 61 and 67 μg l⁻¹ for F⁻, Cl⁻, NO₂⁻, Br⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻ and SO₄²⁻ respectively. The precision of the method was tested at five different concentration levels for each anion reference sample to evaluate the effectiveness of the method for groundwater analysis. Recovery studies were performed between two successive months by adding reference samples to the geothermal groundwater and drinking water samples. Precision was also assessed as the relative standard deviation of both repeatability (within-day) and reproducibility (between-day and different concentrations) for groundwater samples. Standard deviation and RSD values of 220 groundwater samples acquired over 8 months were evaluated. The suppressed ion chromatography technique was found to be a suitable method for determining major anions in sulfate-rich geothermal water samples.     

陆架海岸台风沉积记录及信息提取

长时间尺度风暴强度–频率关系与气候变化相关联,而器测记录和历史记载难以提供充分的信息,因此从沉积记录中提取风暴信息成为一个前沿科学问题。在应用上,这项研究可为海岸带城市群应对未来气候和海面变化提供决策依据。本文回顾了台风沉积记录研究进展,显示陆架泥质沉积、海滩及海岸沙丘、潮滩、潟湖、巨砾是台风事件记录的良好载体,可通过层序形态和物质特性分析而识别。同时,还需进一步完善分析方法,以区分台风、冬季风暴、河流洪水和海啸等不同类型的极端事件沉积。在台风强度信息提取方面,陆架泥质沉积所含贝壳–粗颗粒沉积物可作为海底再悬浮强度的指标,但需更多实测数据的率定;海滩及海岸沙丘顶部的台风沉积分布高程指示了台风激浪流的上冲高度,而台风巨砾的重量可以与近岸波浪的波高建立联系。以上数据经过换算后可以得出台风强度的信息,虽然这些间接的沉积学信息还不足以建立风暴强度–频率关系,但有助于台风强度大数据的建立。潮滩、潟湖沉积连续性好,可构成台风事件的时间序列,然而关于台风强度却是多解的,台风最大风力、持续时间、移动路径、登陆地点的不同组合可能产生同样的事件沉积。我们建议,应发展台风信息提取的新方法,来解决这个问题。进行现代过程模拟,根据已知的台风事件资料构建沉积物输运堆积模型,使之能够复演事件沉积的特征;进行多个地点事件沉积的反演模拟,在此情形下,即便每个站位的结果是多解的,但针对多个站位上求取其解的交集之后,多解性将下降,这种模拟方法可称之为“解空间收缩法”;采用大数据融合方式,将其他来源的台风强度数据纳入模拟体系,可进一步降低风暴信息提取的不确定性。动力过程模拟与大数据融合方法的建立,有助于获得与沉积记录同样时间尺度的台风强度–频率关系曲线,进而分析台风动态与气候变化的关系。     

圆形工作井的土反力分布特征研究

以一个加劲水泥土圆形工作井的设计实例为基础模型,考虑到加劲水泥土宏观上显示出的正交各向异性,应用正交各向异性三维实体有限元分析技术,对因顶推力引起的土反力分布特征进行了分析。分析表明,土反力分布呈“扁圆形草帽”形态,具体分布特征及分布范围主要受工作井结构各向刚度与土层刚度等因素控制。土反力分布与其影响因素间关系的规律结论对工作井的设计工作有一定的参考价值。     

矿石中稀土总量快速分离法的改进

半微量量取样,碱熔,掩蔽剂提取,用２０ｇ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＣＯ３－１ｇ／Ｌ水杨酸钠混合洗涤济洗除在稀土沉淀中的铀和钍,分取制得的试液用偶氮胂ＩＩＩ光度法测定稀土总量。可测范围的质量分数（Ｗ／１０＾－２）为０．０１～１２．００,准确度与ＰＭＢＰ－苯萃取法所得结果相符,精度度（ＲＳＤ,ｎ＝１２）为２．８％。     

黄茅海内治导线对潮汐要素影响的试验研究

通过物理模型试验 ,研究了黄茅海内不同治导线对潮汐要素的影响 ,得出治导线对河口湾内的潮位变化随着上游径流量的增加而逐渐减弱的结论。中水大潮时 ,湾顶与湾腰处高潮位降低 ,低潮位抬高 ,其幅度与治导线进占的海域面积成正比。洪水大潮时 ,高潮位一般也降低。低潮位则有时降低 ,有时有所抬高。河口湾治导线实施后 ,涨潮最大流速、平均流速和落潮平均流速均有所减小 ,但落潮最大流速不减反增。涨、落潮潮量有不同程度的减少 ,其减幅与治导线的进占规模成正比。各站的高、低潮位发生时间都有前移趋势 ,治导线越往外推 ,潮时前移量就越大。本文对这些现象的成因进行了分析 ,并就潮位、潮流速及潮流量的变化对防洪水位和交通航运水深的影响作了阐述。     

SARS对中国入境旅游人数影响的研究

今年爆发的SARS对中国旅游业冲击很大。本文利用双变量ARIMA模型,结合突发事件后人的心理发展变化曲线研究本次突发事件对入境旅游人数的影响。根据同类事件旅游心理恢复期的研究,结合中国实际情况,笔者讨论了恢复期分别为12、18、24个月时,SARS对入境旅游人数的影响。当恢复期为12个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1796%,入境旅游人数共减少238493万人次;当恢复期为18个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1707%,入境旅游人数共减少311703万人次;当恢复期为24个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1655%,入境旅游人数共减少385233万人次。     

Research on Accuracy Validation and Calibration Methods of TRMM Remote Sensing Precipitation Data in Irrawaddy Basin

TRMM daily precipitation data were validated compared to thirteen precipitation observation station data in Irrawaddy basin, and a calibration method of TRMM 3B42 data based on water balance concept was developed. SWAT model was used to calculate water balance, and then the TRMM data calibration ratio was inferred based on it. Average slope of sub-basin was the independent variable, and calibration ration was the dependent variable for the regression analysis. The calibration ratio of sub-basins without hydrological observation stations were calculated according to the average slope, and then the TRMM precipitation were calibrated according to the ratio in the whole basin. Results showed that TRMM annual and monthly precipitation had a highly correlation with observed data, but had a bad bias. Annual precipitation of TRMM precipitation after calibration were nearly the same as observed; monthly precipitation curve were similar with observed. Daily precipitation forecast rank was improved from medium to well, and there were 2 station forecast bad, 7 forecast well and 4 forecast medium before calibration, but 6 forecast well, 2 forecast medium and 5 forecast excellent after calibration. The results proved that TRMM data precision were highly improved over different temporal scales in Irrawaddy basin through this method, data for hydrological and water resources analysis were also provided.     

Monitoring turbid freshwater plume characteristics by means of remotely sensed data

Remotely sensed data may provide easy access for monitoring the spatial separation and obtaining the hydrodynamic characteristics of turbid freshwater plumes created by river flow in the marine environment. Traditional methods are time consuming and require great effort to produce sufficient data. In this project, integrated research has been carried out on a river to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing (RS) technology for studying fundamental theoretical properties of turbulent mixtures. The Filyos River mouth, located on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is the research area. Flow properties, such as the horizontal dispersion coefficient, have been calculated (using Landsat TM sensor images taken on two different dates). The effects of the plume on the morphology of neighbouring beaches are also examined. This study shows the utility of RS technology for generating quantitative data and better defining the hydraulic behaviour of a river with high turbidity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Failure and flow development of a collapse induced complex landslide: the 2005 Kuzulu (Koyulhisar, Turkey) landslide hazard

Koyulhisar located in a slope of hilly region and constructed in the side of a mountain along the North Anatolian Fault Zone is frequently subject to landslides. A catastrophic landslide occurred on the morning of 17 March 2005 in the North of the Kuzulu district of Koyulhisar (Sivas, Turkey). This landslide caused widespread loss of life, and damage to buildings, and lifelines. Fifteen people were dead and five were injured, 21 houses and a minaret were covered and damaged severely. The case study presented in this paper describes and analyses the results of the detailed surveys of an interesting landslide in Kuzulu district of Koyulhisar (Sivas, Turkey), based on field and laboratory measurements and monitoring of the slide area. Landslide initiated as a collapse, and developed into debris avalanches in the valley. This phenomenon caused a disaster in the Kuzulu district. The importance of this landslide in particular has been recognized both in terms of its consequence for the people and structures and in terms of its role in allowing an understanding of process and properties of landslide triggered by a collapse in limestone karst. In view of the potential for such events to occur again in this area and environs, understanding of the failure mechanism is very crucial.     

观测过程中较差大气折射引起的星象移动的计算和研究

本文给出了一种计算观测过程中较差大气折射引起的星象移动的方法，包括焦面最佳转动的确定．算法中除大气折射公式外，都是严格的．本文用这种方法详细计算了我国即将研制的大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望远镜（ＬＡＭＯＳＴ）中较差大气折射引起的星象移动，文中详细计算了望远镜安放在纬度４０．４°，观测天区－１０°δ＋９０°，天体过子午圈前后１．５小时，视场直径５°情况下，星象移动的结果，并得到星象的最大位移为０．８５９″，ＬＡＭＯＳＴ中光纤的直径是３．３″，光纤定位系统可不作校正．本文提出了实现焦面最佳转动的导星方法：在导星元件是ＣＣＤ的情况下，可任选一颗星来引导焦面旋转，只要使星象在ＣＣＤ靶面上作切向位移，其值等于按本文方法计算得到的值，若采用赤径、赤纬分角线方向（四个４５°方向）的星来引导旋转，也可近似地得到焦面的最佳转动．本文提出的算法和导星方法，可应用于任何天区，任意的观测时间和任何形式的焦面可旋转的望远镜．