试论地震台站监测、科研、预报三结合

本文论述在新形势下地震台站体制、任务改革的必要性与可行性，认为地震台实行地震监测、科研、预报三结合和将单一观测型台站转化成观测－－科研型台站系我国地震台站的发展方向。文中结合牡丹江等地震台的实践对三结合地震台站建设的实施办法和管理体制进行了讨论。     

Changes in the hydrography of Central California waters associated with the 1997–98 El Niño

Oceanographic conditions off Central California were monitored by means of a series of 13 hydrographic cruises between February 1997 and January 1999, which measured water properties along an oceanographic section perpendicular to the California Coast. The 1997–98 El Niño event was defined by higher than normal sea levels at Monterey, which began in June 1997, peaked in November 1997, and returned to normal in March 1998. The warming took place in two distinct periods. During June and July 1997, the sea level increased as a result of stronger than normal coastal warming below 200 dbars and within 100 km of the coast, which was associated with poleward flow of saltier waters. During this period, deeper (400–1000 dbar) waters between 150–200 km from shore were also warmed and became more saline. Subsequently, sea level continued to rise through January 1998, mostly as a result of the warming above 200 dbars although, after a brief period of cooling in September 1997, waters below 200 dbar were also warmer than normal during this period. This winter warm anomaly was also coastally trapped, extending 200 km from shore and was accompanied by cooler and fresher water in the offshore California current. In March and April 1998, sea level dropped quickly to normal levels and inshore waters were fresher and warmer than the previous spring and flowed southward.The warming was consistent with equatorial forcing of Central California waters via propagation of Kelvin or coastally-trapped waves. The observed change in heat content associated with the 1997–98 El Niño was the same as that observed during the previous seasonal cycle. The warming and freshening events were similar to events observed during the 1957–58 and 1982–83 El Niños.     

柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖的地球化学演化与古气候变化

１９９０年用铀系年代学及古地磁对昆特依盐湖沉积物进行年代测定，探讨该湖区地球化学演化与古气候变化关系。结果表明，该区最老的盐层形成于早更新世晚期（大于７３０ｋａ），大量的盐类沉积则始于３００ｋａ左右；盐湖沉积物中元素含量变化主要受古盐度、矿物、类质同象和吸附控制；沉积物水溶Ｆ／Ｃｌ比值与古盐度成反比关系；该湖２０００ｋａ以来的古环境演变：盐层形成于干冷、偏酸性的氧化环境，泥岩层形成于湿暖、偏碱性的     

A unified linear theory of wavelike perturbations under general ocean conditions

A linearized instability analysis model with five unknowns was proposed to describe disturbance motions under general oceanic background conditions, including large-scale current shear, density stratification, frontal zone, and arbitrary topography. A unified linear theory of wavelike perturbations for surface gravity waves, internal gravity waves and inertial gravity waves was derived for the adiabatic case, and the solution was then found using Fourier integrals. In this theory, we discarded the assumptions widely accepted in the literature concerning derivations of wave motions such as the irrotationality assumption for surface gravity waves, the rigid-lid approximation for internal gravity waves, and the long-wave approximation for inertial gravity waves. Analytical solutions based on this theory indicate that the complex dispersion relationships between frequency and wave-number describing the propagation and development of the three types of wavelike perturbation motions include three components: complex dispersion relationships at the sea surface; vertical invariance of the complex frequency; and expressions of the vertical wave-number (phase). Classical results of both surface waves and internal waves were reproduced from the unified theory under idealized conditions. The unified wave theory can be applied in the dynamical explanation of the generation and propagation properties of internal waves that are visible in the satellite SAR images in the southern part of the China Seas. It can also serve as the theoretical basis for both a numerical internal-wave model and analytical estimation of the ocean fluxes transported by wavelike perturbations.     

ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE TAIHU LAKE SEDIMENT

The concentrations of major elements and some trace elements were determined at 8 core locations in Taihu Lake. The chemical composition of the cores was related to the sediment particle size-chronology and location of sampling site.Concentrations of Al, Mg, K, Ca and Na, the major mineral species in the sediments, were generally uniform, with only slight fluctuation influenced by water waves and current. Surface enrichment of Cu, Zn, and Ni at some locations was observed to be greater than that of the sediments accumulated 100 years ago. The enrichment of these elements is attributed to anthropogenic input in recent years. Concentration profiles for Mn and Fe are related to the migration of these elements in the pore water.     

青藏高原臭氧的ENSO

通过对臭氧卫星观测资料及大气环流资料的分析，研究了青藏高原上空臭氧年际变化中的 ＥＮＳＯ信号，并与同纬度无山区及赤道地区进行比较。研究指出：在 Ｅ１ Ｎｉｎｏ年（ＳＯＩ指数为负）青藏高原臭氧总量增加，在 Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ年（ＳＯＩ指数为正）青藏高原臭氧总量减小。本文同时讨论了与ＥＮＳＯ事件有关的大气环流物质输送。     

上饶市广信区国土空间规划"一张图"实施监督信息系统探索

国土空间规划"一张图"实施监督信息系统是在国土空间基础信息平台和国土空间规划"一张图"基础上,为国土空间规划编制、审查、实施、监督提供技术支撑的信息化系统.该系统引入一种用于三维可视化的倾斜摄影数据采集方法,构建三维立体"一张图",真实地浏览和展示数据,开发"一键式"综合分析功能,将复杂空间分析步骤高度集成和定制化,建立监测预警大数据平台.该系统可辅助审查及决策,有效提升管理部门办事效率,全面提升国土空间规划动态监测、综合监管及社会公众服务能力,助力自然资源管理及空间治理迈向智慧化.     

Biodegradation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enteromorpha</Emphasis> polysaccharides by intestinal micro-community from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Siganus oramin</Emphasis>

Micro-communities are supposed to have more potential functions of biodegradation of polysaccharides than single strain; however, the intestinal micro-communities involved in the biodegradation of Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EP) were seldom reported. In order to obtain the EP-degrading micro-community, the intestines of Siganus oramin was obtained to isolate the micro-communities, which were enriched by 0.3% of EP as the sole carbon source. A stable micro-community with EP degradative capability was achieved after seven generations of subculture, named H1. Results showed that H1 was able to degrade 75% of EP within 24 hours, and the activity of EP lyases reached 500 U mL^?1 in 32 hours. With denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, ten bacteria closely related to Marinomonas pontica, Microbacterium sp., Leucobacter chironomi, Cyclobacterium sp., Algoriphagus winogradskyi, Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were determined. Furthermore, compared with the DGGE bands sequence and the clone library analysis, the dominant bacteria of the EP-biodegrading micro- community were Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp., with the respective proportion of 38% and 46%, and they should play an important role in EP degradation together with other degrading bacteria in the micro-community H1.     

基于气象干旱综合监测指数(MCI)的陕西省干旱灾害风险评估与区划北大核心CSCD

利用陕西省94个国家气象站1961—2018年逐日气象资料,根据干旱灾害气候背景和社会经济环境,结合灾害风险评估相关理论方法,选取致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境脆弱性、承灾体暴露度、防灾减灾能力4个方面指标,建立干旱灾害风险评估指数,基于GIS平台,对陕西省不同季节进行干旱灾害风险区划。结果表明:(1)陕西各区域干旱致灾因子危险性季节差异明显,陕北北部除夏季外各季节干旱危险性较高,关中地区易发生伏旱。陕南的汉中各季节干旱危险性均较大,安康东部和商洛各季节干旱危险性则较小。(2)春季、夏季和秋季,陕南的汉中平原及安康的汉江河谷地带,关中的西安和渭南地区,陕北北部榆林地区为干旱孕灾环境高脆弱性区或较高区;冬季陕南大部、秦岭地区的高脆弱性区较其他三季范围有所减小;海拔较高的秦岭山地,关中平原和陕北北部各季节皆为低脆弱性或较低脆弱性地区。(3)承灾体暴露度的高风险区主要分布于关中地区。(4)全省抵御干旱风险能力最高地区为陕北黄河沿线、关中各地的城镇地区。(5)干旱灾害综合风险的高风险区主要在陕南巴山地区、秦岭南北两侧、陕北南部,陕南汉江平原、关中平原及陕北延安、榆林等地为干旱较低、低风险区。     

天津平原区加油站地下水石油烃污染特征及其生物降解机理研究

加油站地下水中石油烃污染是较为普遍的现象,本文对研究区位于不同水文地质条件的加油站地下水进行取样分析,分析加油站地下水中石油烃的污染特征和地下水化学类型特征,并运用因子分析、相关性分析和多元回归分析揭示加油站地下水中石油烃潜在的生物降解机制。研究结果表明,地下水化学类型主要可划分为Cl-Na型、HCO₃-Na型、HCO₃-Ca型和SO₄-Na型4类。加油站地下水中石油烃的检出率为85.71%,检出浓度为0.020.35 mg/L。因子分析结果表明影响地下水化学组成的因素主要以水-岩相互作用和石油烃的生物降解为主。TPH与地下水化学指标间的相关关系表明:TPH与K⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、Mn、Mg²⁺、 {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}呈现负相关的关系,与pH值、 {\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、 {\mathrm{NO}}_2^{-}、Ca²⁺、Fe不存在显著的相关关系。加油站地下水环境中可能存在嗜盐或耐盐微生物,导致随着盐度的升高,总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)生物降解率加快,TPH浓度呈现出降低的趋势。微生物利用电子受体( {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}、Mn、 {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}、Fe)降解TPH的过程中,电子受体的贡献率为:铁还原(64.88%)>锰还原(24.86%)>硫酸根还原(5.78%)>硝酸盐还原(4.46%),即加油站地下水中铁锰还原菌的石油烃生物降解为优势反应。