Distribution of heavy metals in an incineration system of solid wastes in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River

On the basis of investigations on the composition and contents of heavy metals in the domestic refuse in the Three-Gorges region of the Yangtze River, in combination with the experimental results, this paper deals with the distribution rule of heavy metals in the various compartments of an incineration system： leachate pool, fly ash and residue. It is concluded that in the leachate pool heavy metals should not be neglectable since about 30% of Pb and 10% of Cr are leached here; in the incineration system, above 74% of Cr, As and Pb exists in residue; above 96% of Hg exists in fly ash and the contents of Cd in fly ash are close to those of residue. It is also concluded that the physical conditions of incineration have a significant influence on the distribution of heavy metals in the incineration system.     

A Systematic Review of the Socioeconomic Factors that Influence How Marine Protected Areas Impact on Ecosystems and Livelihoods

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely accepted methods of marine management. MPAs are not, however, always placed such that they can maximize impact on conservation and livelihoods. Current MPA guidelines fall short in focusing primarily on biophysical criteria, overlooking interrelated socioeconomic factors. We identified 32 socioeconomic factors that influence whether MPA placement has an impact on biodiversity and/or livelihoods and weighted the quality of evidence using a novel “Evidence for Impact” Score. Results suggest that stakeholder engagement, poverty, population density, and strong leadership have most potential to positively impact biodiversity and/or livelihoods, but the direction of impact (i.e., positive or negative) can be context-dependent. We found a generally poor evidence base for impact evaluation of socioeconomic factors: though some factors were highly cited, few studies actually evaluate impact. Results indicate the need for a more interdisciplinary approach to MPA placement and more empirical studies that assess impact.     

支持向量分类机LIBSVM方法识别天然地震、爆破与塌陷

对天然地震、爆破及塌陷的波形数据进行小波变换,并用小波转换系数提取香农熵特征,采用支持向量分类机LIBSVM多类模式识别方法对香农熵特征进行分类识别,识别率在80%~95%之间。结果表明,采用LIBSVM对波形特征进行分类的方法可以较好地识别天然地震、爆破与塌陷。     

基于高速公路流的东北大都市区边界识别与结构特征研究

利用高速公路收费站数据分析东北大都市区的空间边界与中心-外围结构特征。研究发现,① 中心城市高速公路流随距离的分布符合距离衰减规律,随规模位序的累积分布符合“二八定律”,但在具体的指标阈值上却表现出显著差异。② 四大都市区在空间上相连,以较小的国土面积承载了区域主要的社会经济活动。沈阳都市区和大连都市区在城镇关联体系中已实现融合;沈阳都市区、长春都市区、哈尔滨都市区间的空间联系则相对松散。③ 高速公路流空间下,各大都市区中心-外围空间结构表现出空间圈层、功能廊道和边界切割的典型特征。     

Dynamics of Accumulative Coasts in Enclosed Bays of Antarctica (with an Example of the Key Area of the South Georgia Microcontinent)

Oceanology - The object of direct study is the accumulative coast of King Edward Bay on the island of South Georgia of the Antarctic microcontinent of the same name. Neotectonic uplift of the...     

Rhythmic Patterns in the Shoreline Contour of the Gulf of Terpenya,Sakhalin Island

Oceanology - The paper considers the results of long-term observations of megacusp (large-scale shoreline cusps) on the coast of the Gulf of Terpenya (Gulf of Patience), Sakhalin Island. The...     

Russian Studies of Atmospheric Electricity in 2015–2018

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 2015–2018 are reviewed. The review is a part of the...     

A Semianalytical Method for Constructing Nearly Equatorial Orbits of Hypothetical Satellites of Asteroids with an Almost Spheroidal Shape

Solar System Research - The problem of the motion of a particle with a negligible mass (satellite) near the equatorial plane of a spheroidal body, in particular, an asteroid, is considered. To a...     

Warming hiatus and evergreen conifers in Altay-Sayan Region,Siberia

"Warming hiatus" occurred in the AltaySayan Mountain Region, Siberia in c. 1997–2014. We analyzed evergreen conifer(EGC) stands area(satellite data) and trees(Siberian pine, Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Siberian fir, Abies sibirica Ledeb.) growth increment(dendrochronology data) response to climate variables before and during the hiatus. During the hiatus, EGC area increased in the highlands(1000 m)(+30%), whereas at low and middle elevations(1000 m. a.s.l.) the EGC area decreased(-7%). The EGC area increase was observed on the rain-ward northwest slopes mainly. In highlands, EGC area increase mainly correlated with summer air temperature, whereas at low and middle elevations EGC area decrease correlated with drought index SPEI and vapor pressure deficit(VPD). EGC mortality(fir and Siberian pine) in lowland was caused by the synergy of water stress(inciting factor) and barkbeetle attacks(contributing factor). Tree growth increment(GI) dynamics differs with respect to elevation. At high elevation(1700 m) GI permanently increased since warming onset, whereas at the middle(900 m) and low elevations(450 m) GI increased until c. 1983 yr. with followed depression. That GI "breakpoint" occurred about a decade before hiatus onset. In spite of growth depression, during hiatus GI was higher than that in pre-warming period. At high elevation, GI positively responded to elevated June temperatures and negatively to moisture increase(precipitation, root zone moisture content, VPD, and SPEI). At low elevation GI negatively responded to June temperatures and positively to moisture increase. For both, low and high elevation, these patterns persisted throughout the study period(1967–2014). On the contrary, at middle elevations GI dependence on climate variables switch after breakpoint year(1983). Before breakpoint, June air temperature(positive correlation) and moisture(negative correlations) controlled GI. Further temperature increase leads GI depression and switched correlation signs to opposite(from positive to negative with temperature, and from negative to positive with moisture variables).