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81.
Patricia?A.?TesterEmail author Sabrina?M.?Varnam Mary?E.?Culver David?L.?Eslinger Richard?P.?Stumpf Robert?N.?Swift James?K.?Yungel Megan?D.?Black R.?Wayne?Litaker 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(5):1353-1364
Airborne laser-induced fluorescence measurements were used to detect and monitor ecosystem wide changes in the distribution
and concentration of chlorophyll biomass and colored dissolved organic matter in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system, North
Carolina, U.S., following massive flooding caused by a series of three hurricanes in the late summer of 1999. These high-resolution
data provided a significantly more detailed representation of the overall changes occurring in the system than could have
been achieved by synoptic sampling from any other platform. The response time for the distribution of chlorophyll biomass
to resume pre-flood conditions was used as a measure of ecosystem stability. Chlorophyll biomass patterns were reestablished
within four mo of the flooding, whereas higher chlorophylla biomass concentrations persisted for approximately 6 mo. The primary trophic level in the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound system
returned to equilibrium in less than a year of a major perturbation. 相似文献
82.
Simonini R Ansaloni I Cavallini F Graziosi F Iotti M Massamba N'siala G Mauri M Montanari G Preti M Prevedelli D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):457-1605
Sediment from harbors of the Emilia-Romagna (Northern Adriatic Sea) were dredged and dumped in four disposal areas characterized by muddy bottoms. The long-term effects of the dumping on macrozoobenthic communities were investigated before and after 6 month, 8 month, 2 years and 4 years. The disposal of dredged material did not influence the granulometry and %TOC in the sediment, and no alterations in the structure of the macrobenthic communities were observed in the four areas. The lack of impact could be ascribed to the environmental characteristics and precautionary measures taken to minimize the effects of the dumping. It appears that: (1) the communities of the dumping areas are well adapted to unstable environments; (2) the sediments were disposed gradually and homogeneously over relatively large areas; Other factors that help to reduce the impact of sediment disposal are the low concentrations of contaminants in dredged materials and the similarity of sediment in the dredged and disposal areas. Off-shore discharge appears a sustainable strategy for the management of uncontaminated dredged sediments from the Northern Adriatic Sea harbors. 相似文献
83.
Many clay rocks have distinct bedding planes. Experimental studies have shown that their mechanical properties evolve with the degree of saturation (DOS), often with higher stiffness and strength after drying. For transversely isotropic rocks, the effects of saturation can differ between the bed-normal (BN) and bed-parallel (BP) directions, which gives rise to saturation-dependent stiffness and strength anisotropy. Accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of clay rocks under partially saturated conditions requires numerical models that can capture the evolving elastic and plastic anisotropy with DOS. In this study, we present an anisotropy framework for coupled solid deformation-fluid flow in unsaturated elastoplastic media. We incorporate saturation-dependent strength anisotropy into an anisotropic modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model and consider the evolving anisotropy in both the elastic and plastic responses. The model was calibrated using experimental data from triaxial tests to demonstrate its capability in capturing strength anisotropy at various levels of saturation. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the role of evolving stiffness and strength anisotropy in the mechanical behavior of clay rocks. Plane strain simulations of triaxial compression tests were also conducted to demonstrate the impacts of material anisotropy and DOS on the mechanical and fluid flow responses. 相似文献
84.
Camila Rodrigues Costa Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz Ingrid Horák-Terra Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Uidemar Morais Barral Carlos Victor Mendonça-Filho Thamyres Sabrina Gonçalves Alexandre Christófaro Silva 《第四纪科学杂志》2023,38(1):61-75
The Cerrado biome is the second largest in Brazil, but the evolution of the Cerrado during the late Quaternary is not yet fully known. This study identifies paleoenvironmental changes during the last 23 000 years, based on a tropical mountain peatland record, in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional in central-eastern Brazil. A multi-proxy approach was used that involved palynological analysis, stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), geochemistry, radiocarbon dating and multivariate statistics derived from a peatland core from Rio Preto (Minas Gerais state). The study reveals a very humid and cold climate during the late Pleistocene, with an increase in temperature and decrease in humidity at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. During this period there was strong instability in the landscape (episodes of erosion). At the beginning of the Holocene there was a reduction in humidity with greater landscape stability. The current sub-humid climatic conditions seem to have been established in the mid-/late Holocene, with periods of landscape instability. Our findings agree with other Cerrado records that contradict previously established hypotheses, such as the Amazonian Refuge and the Pleistocene Arc. 相似文献