内蒙古土地荒漠化定性定量研究

通过对阴山北麓四旗为期5年的家计的问卷调查,和不同草地的连续样方数据等样本进行分析,对影响草地生物多样性、草地景观、草地生态功能及其生态系统的食物链、能流和物流的干扰因素进行分析,得出阴山北麓四旗土地退化的人文因素。运用现代统计模型计算出各因素所占的比重,并就土地退化的人文因素进行成因分析,得出农业文化入侵是造成土地退化的文化根源,制度安排不合理是其土地退化的制度原因。     

川东北三叠系雷口坡组与须家河组界线微球粒的发现

在川东北地区三叠系雷口坡组与须家河组地层界线处首次发现微球粒。这些微球粒呈单球体,形状为实心圆球状,直径3～4μm。微球粒成分为硅质球,可见溶蚀结构,推测研究区在中、晚三叠世之交可能发生过陨击事件,为研究四川盆地三叠纪海陆演变、生物更替提供了一种新的研究思路。     

BDRM理论在双轴海洋声道中的应用

由于表面声道与深海声道间的耦合效应,声波在双轴海洋声道中的传播比较复杂,因此求解双轴海洋声道中的声场就比较困难。在 WKBZ 本征函数的基础上,推导出了参考界面相位修正的一致表达式,并将浅海声传播的波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)理论应用于计算双轴海洋声道中的声场,进行了数值模拟并与传统简正波方法进行比较,结果表明应用 BDRM 理论计算的传播损失具有很高的精度和速度,可以对双轴海洋声道内声传播问题进行分析和预报。     

基于Fuller投影的六边形球面离散格网生成算法

随着云计算、航天遥感、地理信息、导航等技术的发展,用于空间信息剖分组织的全球多分辨率离散格网模型得到了长足发展。针对已有研究成果和当前研究现状,选取性能优异的六边形作为基本格网单元,Fuller多面体投影作为投影类型,提出了一种基于正八面体构建新型六边形球面离散格网的方法。全文系统地论述了此新型离散格网的生成算法并给出了相应实验结果,最后与基于Snyder等积多面体投影的格网进行比较,得出其特点和应用前景。     

Remediation of NAPL source zones: lessons learned from field studies at Hill and Dover AFB

Innovative remediation studies were conducted between 1994 and 2004 at sites contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) at Hill and Dover AFB, and included technologies that mobilize, solubilize, and volatilize NAPL: air sparging (AS), surfactant flushing, cosolvent flooding, and flushing with a complexing-sugar solution. The experiments proved that aggressive remedial efforts tailored to the contaminant can remove more than 90% of the NAPL-phase contaminant mass. Site-characterization methods were tested as part of these field efforts, including partitioning tracer tests, biotracer tests, and mass-flux measurements. A significant reduction in the groundwater contaminant mass flux was achieved despite incomplete removal of the source. The effectiveness of soil, groundwater, and tracer based characterization methods may be site and technology specific. Employing multiple methods can improve characterization. The studies elucidated the importance of small-scale heterogeneities on remediation effectiveness, and fomented research on enhanced-delivery methods. Most contaminant removal occurs in hydraulically accessible zones, and complete removal is limited by contaminant mass stored in inaccessible zones. These studies illustrated the importance of understanding the fluid dynamics and interfacial behavior of injected fluids on remediation design and implementation. The importance of understanding the dynamics of NAPL-mixture dissolution and removal was highlighted. The results from these studies helped researchers better understand what processes and scales are most important to include in mathematical models used for design and data analysis. Finally, the work at these sites emphasized the importance and feasibility of recycling and reusing chemical agents, and enabled the implementation and success of follow-on full-scale efforts.     

贵州台江革一黔东统杷榔组沉积环境初探

贵州台江革一杷榔组出露完整、富含化石,其中—上部层位产有类群组合多样的杷榔动物群,为杷榔动物群的一个重要产地。本文通过详细的野外观察,结合生物化石保存情况及岩石薄片的分析结果,对革一杷榔组沉积环境及其海平面变化规律进行了综合分析,认为革一杷榔组的沉积位于盐度正常、较深水的陆棚环境,生物生活环境多为氧化—弱氧化环境,富含化石的层位经历了快速沉积事件,整组的沉积由底向上海水经历了由深至浅的变化过程,但其间经历2次小的波动,水体变深后变浅,并出现还原—氧化界面的波动 。     

Dwarf LSB galaxies and their environment: The Virgo Cluster, the Ursa Major Cluster, isolated galaxies and voids

The widely varying dwarf galaxy counts in different environments provide a strong challenge to standard hierarchical clustering models. The luminosity function is not universal, but seems to be strongly dependent upon environment. In this paper we describe an automated procedure for detecting and measuring very Low Surface Brightness (LSB) features in deep CCD data. We apply this procedure to large area CCD survey fields of the Virgo cluster and find 105 dwarf LSB galaxies previously uncatalogued over an area of ∼14 sq deg. We show that there are many more faint (14≤M_B≤–10) LSB galaxies than would be predicted from extrapolation of the Virgo cluster catalogue luminosity function. Over our limited range of measurement the faint end slope of the luminosity function becomesα=–1.6. Although these galaxies contribute a small fraction of the total stellar light of the cluster, they may contribute significantly to the mass in galaxies if they have large mass-to-light ratios similar to those recently measured for Local Group dwarf galaxies. By a comparison with different environments, the Virgo Cluster seems to be highly `dwarf rich' if considering the dwarf to giant ratio or it's luminosity function faint end slope. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.