巢湖表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布和污染源解析

在巢湖不同区域采集了16个表层沉积物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱仪测定沉积物中低溴代多溴联苯醚(LPBDEs)和BDE209的含量,并对其残留、组成、空间分布和污染来源进行分析.结果表明,巢湖沉积物中共计检测到9种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)化合物.∑LPBDEs的含量为0.001~2.75 ng/g,平均值为1.15 ng/g,平均检测率为44.83%;BDE209的含量为1.16~5.49 ng/g,平均值为2.83 ng/g,检测率为100%.与国内其他区域相比,巢湖沉积物中PBDEs含量总体处于中等水平.巢湖沉积物中各类LPBDEs和BDE209同系物含量为:西半湖东半湖湖心.巢湖沉积物中PBDEs以BDE209为主要成分,不同采样点PBDEs同系物的组成不同.相关性分析表明BDE209与LPBDEs在环境中的迁移存在相关性.     

2010年青海玉树M_S7.1地震灾害的综合特征

根据3次赴青海玉树MS7.1地震灾害现场进行的考察和调查,结合对当地自然环境和人文与社会经济条件的分析,从地震致灾成害、应急救援和恢复重建等多种角度,总结分析了玉树7.1级地震灾害在正反两个方面的一些整体特点。致使灾情严重和加大救援与重建难度的特点是:地震震中与居民点间的叠加效应和灾害分布的构造控制效应明显,灾害严重,灾区广大,重灾区集中;环境恶劣,高寒缺氧,救灾难度大;建筑物抗震能力低,破坏严重;生命线系统单薄而脆弱,生命线震害的连带影响大;城镇人口建筑密集,缺乏避难场地;民众受教育水平低,语言不通,交流困难,防震减灾知识匮乏,影响救灾效率。利于减轻灾害影响和利于应急救援与恢复重建的特点主要是:民众自有帐篷多且游牧民族习惯于帐篷生活,便于安置,并能很快适应;宗教氛围浓郁,当地僧侣和寺院在抗震救灾阶段发挥了重要作用,在恢复重建过程中,宗教信仰在精神层面的影响将更加持久、深远。初步归纳总结了减轻青藏高原地区地震灾害的部分经验与启示。     

基于信号估计的高分辨率叠加速度分析

如何得到高分辨率的叠加速度谱是高分辨率地震资料处理的关键.本文在分析地震共中心点(CDP)道集的振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)特性的基础上,提出一种信号模型来逼近CDP道集,然后利用优化技术估计信号,并采用信号估计误差实现信号检测,从而提出一种新的基于信号检测和估计的高分辨率叠加速度谱分析方法.文中的方法充分利用地震信号波形中所包含的速度信息.     

2000年4月15日青海省杂多县5．3级地震

在杂多5．3级地震宏观烈度考察、划分的基础上,分析讨论了区域地震构造背景及发震构造,并对地震序列类型进行了划分。     

相似误差订正方法在风电短期风速预报中的应用研究

为降低风电场短期预报风速误差,减少风电场短期风功率偏差积分电量,提高风电场发电功率预测准确率,分季节研究了相似误差订正方法对ECMWF单台风机预报风速的订正效果.结果表明:相似误差订正后不同风机预报风速的误差差距减小;预报风速的平均绝对偏差和均方根误差明显降低,其中夏季和秋季华能义岗风电场两个指标降低幅度均超过0.1 ...     

内蒙古赤峰南窝铺铀矿床英安岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

南窝铺铀矿床位于西拉木伦缝合带以南、康宝—围场—赤峰断裂带（华北北缘断裂带的一部分）以北的白乃庙加里东期岛弧带和华北古板块北缘海西期俯冲—碰撞带,属沽源—红山子铀成矿带北东段红山子—广兴铀成矿亚带的一个铀矿床,铀矿体赋存在额里图组安山岩—英安岩—流纹岩组合中。该组合中的英安岩SHRIMP锆石n(206Pb)/n(238U)加权平均年龄为268.1±2.5 Ma（N=15,MSWD=0. 85）,结合安山质角砾凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为277.1±0.9 Ma,指示额里图组安山岩—英安岩—流纹岩的地质时代属早二叠世（乌拉尔世）—中二叠世（瓜德鲁普世）早期;英安岩SiO2=65. 49%~68.23%,K2O=1.83%~2.56%,Na2O=4.13%~5.01%,(K2O+Na2O)=5.96%~7.47%,K2O/Na2O=0.43~0.59,(FeO+Fe2O3)=3.13%~4.63%,MgO=1.25%~1.79%,在TAS图解上落入亚碱性系列英安岩区,在FAM图解上落入钙碱性系列范围,在SiO2—K2O图解上落入中钾钙碱性系列范围,在Na2O—K2O图解上落入I型花岗岩区;Al2O3=15. 74%~16. 77%,CaO=2. 87%~3. 59%,A/CNK=0. 95~1. 12（平均为1.04,<1.1）,标准矿物刚玉（C）的含量为0~1.74%,平均为0.96%,指示源岩为I型岩浆岩;英安岩稀土元素总量低,富集轻稀土,Eu无明显负异常,ΣREE=76.5×10-6~95.4×10-6,(La/Yb)N=4.97~12.5（平均8.95）,δEu=0.80~1.13（平均0.94）,稀土配分模式为右倾型,与安第斯型钙碱性系列火山岩基本一致。英安岩明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Sr等和亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等,微量元素蛛网图与安第斯型钙碱性系列火山岩的形式一致,在Ce—SiO2、Al2O3—Ga图解上均落入I型花岗岩区,在Ta—Yb、Nb—Y构造环境判别图解上落入火山弧花岗岩区域（VAG）及同碰撞花岗岩（syn- COLG）交界处,在Rb—(Y+Nb)、Rb—(Yb+Ta)构造环境判别图解上落入火山弧花岗岩区域（VAG）,指示英安岩形成于俯冲作用下的岛弧环境。南窝铺铀矿床英安岩地质时代、岩石系列和形成构造环境的确定,不仅证实了早二叠世—中二叠世早期额里图组是红山子—广兴铀成矿亚带一个新的赋矿层位,而且揭示了岛弧型安山岩—英安岩—流纹岩组合也赋存有与火山岩有关的热液型铀矿,为深入开展热液型铀矿成矿理论的研究和进一步扩大铀矿勘查范围提供了新的基础资料。     

Influence of sedimentary setting on the use of magnetic susceptibility: examples from the Devonian of Belgium

Bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements on sedimentological samples from all geological periods have been used widely in the last two decades for correlations and as a proxy for sea‐level variations. This paper explores the link between magnetic susceptibility, depositional setting and environmental parameters. These environmental parameters include distal–proximal transects, microfacies successions and fourth‐order trends on different carbonate platform types (platform, ramp, carbonate mound or atoll) during different Devonian stages (Eifelian, Givetian and Frasnian). Average magnetic susceptibility values over a distal–proximal‐trending facies succession vary markedly with depositional setting. On carbonate platforms, average magnetic susceptibility generally increases towards the top of shallowing‐upward sequences. On a distal–proximal transect, average magnetic susceptibility is intermediate for the deepest facies, decreases for the reef belts and increases to a maximum in the back‐reef zone. In ramps and atolls, magnetic susceptibility trends clearly differ; average magnetic susceptibility generally decreases towards the top of shallowing‐upward sequences and is highest in the deepest facies. The strong relationship between magnetic susceptibility, facies and sequences implies a strong environmental influence. However, the different responses in the different platform types suggest that sea‐level changes leading to variation in detrital input is not the only parameter controlling average magnetic susceptibility values. Other primary or secondary processes also probably influenced magnetic mineral distribution. Primary processes such as carbonate production and water agitation during deposition are probably key factors. When carbonate production is high, the proportion of magnetic minerals is diluted and the magnetic susceptibility signal decreases. High water agitation during deposition will also selectively remove magnetic minerals and will lead to low average magnetic susceptibility values. These parameters explain the lowest values observed on the reef platform, inner ramp and atoll crown, which are all in areas characterized by higher carbonate production and greater water agitation during deposition. The lowest values observed in the lagoon inside the atoll crown can be related to detrital isolation by the atoll crown. However, other parameters such as biogenic magnetite production or diagenesis can also influence the magnetic signal. Diagenesis can change magnetism by creating or destroying magnetic minerals. However, the influence of diagenesis probably is linked strongly to the primary facies (permeability, amount of clay or organic matter) and probably enhanced the primary signal. The complexity of the signal gives rise to correlation problems between different depositional settings. Thus, while magnetic susceptibility has the potential to be an important correlation tool, the results of this investigation indicate that it cannot be used without consideration of sedimentary processes and depositional environments and without strong biostratigraphical control.     

冀北窟窿山流纹斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

冀北窟窿山流纹斑岩位于赤峰—开原断裂以南、尚义—平泉断裂带以北的华北克拉通北缘隆起带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带的西南段,主要分布于窟窿山北西部,出露面积约25 km~2。本文通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Sr—Nd—Pb—O同位素组成测试,查明流纹斑岩形成的地质时代,探讨流纹斑岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,分析流纹斑岩与铀矿化的关系。分析结果显示:流纹斑岩SHRIMP锆石n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(238)U)年龄为138.4±1.3 Ma(n=12,MSWD=0.25),属早白垩世早期;流纹斑岩具有高硅、富钾、钠,高FeO~T/MgO值,贫Al、Mg、Ca、P的高分异特征,属准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,在SiO_2—[(Na_2O+K_2O)—CaO]和SiO_2—FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)图解中落于A型花岗岩区;∑REE含量较低,Eu负异常明显,具轻稀土富集型稀土配分曲线特征,富集Rb、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Y等元素,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.74～4.29(2.6),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=374×10~(-6)～402×10~(-6)(350×10~(-6)),显示A型花岗岩微量元素的特征。流纹斑岩的[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]_i值变化范围较大(=0.690385～0.724000),ε_(Nd)(t)值较低(=-16.2～-14.9)、T_(DM2)较大(=2163～2244 Ma),Pb同位素比值较低{[n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=16.893～16.922、[n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=15.393～15.424、[n(~(208)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)]_i=37.716～37.771},在铅同位素图解中窟窿山流纹斑岩同时带有下地壳物质和富集地幔印记;δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)=3.5‰～4.9‰,低于正常地幔的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值(=5.3‰±0.3‰),具低氧流纹岩特征。Sr—Nd—Pb—O同位素特征显示,流纹斑岩可能是源于DMM型、EMI型地幔和少量古老下地壳混合形成的年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,而且与高温热液蚀变有关。对比表明,窟窿山流纹斑岩与中国东部绝大多数与火山岩有关的热液型铀矿的赋矿围岩时代一致,特别是与沽源—红山子铀成矿带西南段张麻井铀矿的赋矿流纹斑岩特征一致,而且在流纹斑岩的接触带内已揭露到铀矿化,指示窟窿山流纹斑岩的内、外接触带具有良好的找矿前景。     

随机动态声速重构方法研究

海洋环境对声传播具有重要的影响,海洋温度、盐度、压力决定声速的大小,研究随机动态声速剖面的最优重构可以为声场模型的计算提供良好的基础,为舰艇行动提供最优的辅助决策.然而声速剖面的重构却是一个复杂的过程,涉及到大量的时空分布不规则的数据的计算和处理,提取出合理的时空间系数能够提高声速重构的精度.实验证明,利用合理的时空分...     

The spatio-temporal distribution and population structure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in New Zealand

Despite being endangered internationally and protected nationally, little consideration has been given to the occurrence of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in New Zealand. New Zealand lies on the southern boundary of the distributional range of green turtles in the southwestern Pacific, with individuals found within these waters historically considered to be occasional visitors or stragglers incidentally carried by ocean currents. However, the present work shows that green turtles are present year round in New Zealand’s northern waters (c. 34°–38° S). A review of sighting, stranding and incidental capture data collected between 1895 and 2013 illustrate New Zealand’s green turtle population comprises post-pelagic immature juveniles to large subadults. The female:male sex ratio of 1.7:1 is similar to those reported from warm temperate foraging grounds in eastern Australia. A subsample of new recruits indicates green turtles recruit to neritic habitats at approximately 40.8?cm curved carapace length. This study suggests that New Zealand’s neritic habitats constitute a transitional developmental ground for post-pelagic immature green turtles. We observed an exponential increase in the number of documented records over time, though whether this is due to increased numbers of turtles or increased reporting rates, or both, is unclear and warrants further investigation. More broadly, this work provides a baseline understanding of the ecology of green turtles at the edge of their range, providing opportunities to investigate regional niche modelling and connectivity of this highly mobile species, while also monitoring broad-scale effects of climate-induced environmental change.