含气砂岩的振幅—炮检距变化

含气砂岩的地震反射展现出广泛的振幅——炮检距变化(AVO)特征.决定含气砂岩的AVO特征的两个最主要的因素是法向入射反射系数月R_0和反射界面上下的油松比差.这两个因素中,R_0是较不受约束的.根据含气砂岩的AVO特征,含气砂岩反射界面可按会气砂岩顶部的R_0分为三类.第一类含气砂岩具有较页岩围岩高的波阻抗,从而有相对较大的正R_0值.第二类含气砂岩具有与页岩围岩近似相同的波阻抗,其特点是R_0值接近于零.第三类含气砂岩具有较页岩围岩低的波阻抗和较大的负R_0值.这三类砂岩均有独特的AVO特征.这篇论文分别论述了这三类砂岩的实例.第一类含气砂岩属于Arkoma盆地的Hartshorn河道砂岩.第二类合气砂岩实例讨论墨西哥湾Brazos 滨外地区的中新世含气砂岩.第三类含气砂岩实例是墨西哥湾高岛(High Island)滨外地区上新统含气砂岩.     

广东及其邻区总磁场日变化特征探讨

研究变化磁场的基本特征,对于鉴别震磁效应、确定震磁异常都是十分必要的。变化 磁场主要有长期变与日变化两种。消除长期变的 影响,通常是将每个测点的观测值与标准地磁台 的观测值比较,并利用等磁变图作出校正。对地 磁日变化,目前都采用磁测点和标准台的同时观     

Analytic element ground water modeling as a research program (1980 to 2006)

Scientists and engineers who use the analytic element method (AEM) for solving problems of regional ground water flow may be considered a community, and this community can be studied from the perspective of history and philosophy of science. Applying the methods of the Hungarian philosopher of science Imre Lakatos (1922 to 1974), the AEM "research program" is distinguished by its hard core (theoretical basis), protective belt (auxiliary assumptions), and heuristic (problem solving machinery). AEM has emerged relatively recently in the scientific literature and has a relatively modest number of developers and practitioners compared to the more established finite-element and finite-difference methods. Nonetheless, there is evidence to support the assertion that the AEM research program remains in a progressive phase. The evidence includes an expanding publication record, a growing research strand following Professor Otto Strack's book Groundwater Mechanics (1989), the continued placement of AEM researchers in academia, and the further development of innovative analytical solutions and computational solvers/models.     

Dynamics of phosphorus and nitrogen through litter fall and decomposition in a tropical mangrove forest

Distribution, dynamics and mass budget of phosphorus and nitrogen in a red mangrove forest were studied in the Potengi mangrove forest in northern Brazil (lat. 5 degrees 42' and 5 degrees 53'S, long. 35 degrees 5' and 35 degrees 25'W). Tidal hydrology, net primary productivity, leaf litter decomposition rate and standing stock of leaf litter in a red mangrove forest were measured. The results showed that the main reservoir for total P and total N was the sediment with 309 kg ha(-1) and 4619 kg ha(-1) (77% and 95% of the total P and N content in the mangrove forest), respectively, for the two elements. Total P and total N in Rhizophora mangle trees accounted for 145+/-14 kg ha(-1) and 216+/-23 kg ha(-1) (23% and 5% of the total P and N in the mangrove forest). The estimated average export rates for P and N through leaf litter are 0.5 kg ha(-1)yr(-1) and 1.6 kg ha(-1)yr(-1) respectively. Our measurements support previous results in concluding that mangrove forests efficiently retain P and N.     

地下水中氮化物转换的氧化还原条件

地下水中氧化还原电位影响着各种氮化物的分布和浓度变化。计算资料已经用于确定这些化合物之间的Eh—pH边界值。计算条件与地下水中不同形式氮化物的实际资料有所不同。本文给出了一个经验性的氮化物的Eh—pH曲线图,这个经验性的Eh—pH曲线图与地下水中氮化物的实际分布相一致。     

预警等级预报--一种新的地震预报发布形式和对策的思考

本文回顾了我国地震预报发布形式的演变过程，分析了目前发布地震预报面临困境的主要原因。在分析了其他一些灾害的预警等级预报发布形式后，对地震预警等级预报发布的可行性和应当采取的对策进行了讨论，认为地震预警等级预报的发布，是实现真正意义上地震减灾的一种可行方法。最后提出了一些实施地震预警等级预报前仍需认真研究的问题。     

广州遥测地震台网的先进性及存在问题

广州（珠江三角洲）数字化无线遥测地震台网是我国第一个２４位数字化遥测地震台网。介绍了广州台网的先进性和存在的技术和非技术性问题；根据台网建设实践，对台网模式的选择提出了一些看法以及在台网建设过程中应注意的问题。