Analytical and numerical models to explain steady rates of spring flow

Flow from some springs in former glacial lakebeds of the Upper Midwest is extremely steady throughout the year and does not increase significantly after precipitation events or seasonal recharge. Analytical and simplified numerical models of spring systems were used to determine whether preferential ground water flow through high-permeability features in shallow sandstone aquifers could produce typical values of spring discharge and the unusually steady rates of spring flow. The analytical model is based on a one-dimensional solution for periodic ground water flow. Solutions to this model suggest that it is unlikely that a periodic forcing due to seasonal variations in areal recharge would propagate to springs in a setting where high-permeability features exist. The analytical model shows that the effective length of the aquifer, or the length of flowpaths to a spring, and the total transmissivity of the aquifer have the greatest potential to impact the nature of spring flow in this setting. The numerical models show that high-permeability features can influence the magnitude of spring flow and the results demonstrate that the lengths of ground water flowpaths increase when high-permeability features are explicitly modeled, thus decreasing the likelihood for temporal variations in spring flow.     

Conservation of biodiversity of the coastal resources of Sundarbans,Northeast India: an integrated approach through environmental education

The Indian Sundarbans, a diversified coastal wetland on the southern fringe of the State of West Bengal, harbors a luxuriant biodiversity and acts as a potential refuge of living marine resources. Girdled with thick mangrove foliage, this estuarine delta system offers an excellent nursery ground for most of the brackishwater finfish and shellfish. Since supply of hatchery-produced tiger prawn seed (Penaeus monodon) is highly inadequate in West Bengal, the aquaculture farms of this region largely depend on the supply from natural resources. Being motivated by a regular cash income, the majority of coastal people from Sundarbans have adopted prawn seed collection as their profession almost throughout the year as an important source of earning. The users are neither trained nor guided at any stage from collection to marketing and are fully dependent on traditional methods. They first sort out the tiger prawn seeds (mainly the postlarval stage PL 20) accounting only 0.25-0.27% of the total catch and thereafter the major portion of the haul are thrown away on the beach flats or the tidal mudflats. This wasted by-catch contains the juveniles of economic and uneconomic varieties of finfish and shellfish along with a bulk of holoplankters and meroplankters (non-target species). This practice causes several ecological and occupational consequences, namely, (i) the huge destruction of the pelagic biota that can lead to severe stock depletion as well as hamper the energy transference through the marine ecosystem food webs; (ii) constant dragging of nets along the coast and tidal creeks paves the way for soil erosion, uprooting the mangrove seedlings and saltmarsh vegetation; (iii) the water quality is deteriorating in the catchment areas due to mud erosion and (iv) due to constant contact with the seawater, the collectors are affected with waterborne diseases, skin infections, reproductive tract disease in women and many other contagious diseases.This paper, in addition to identifying the challenge to environmental quality and resource abundance, emphasizes the need for grass-root public education so that local people come to understand, support and implement sustainable resource conservation and environmental protection activities now and in the future. As a follow-up course of action, the authors have initiated a general awareness program for developing consciousness among the coastal people regarding proper use of natural resources. Initiatives are taken for educating coastal people by holding workshops and seminars with the use of educational resource materials. Exclusive awareness camps and grass root level training for coastal people are also being proposed as a future course of action by means of exhibitions, audiovisuals etc. It is proposed that local government bodies come forward to mitigate this problem with scientific and rational approaches and to take proper actions towards conservation.     

关于建设地震紧急救援队伍有关问题的探讨

对建立专业和社会多级地震紧急救援力量的必要性、作用、任务、组建形式以及灾害综合应急管理等问题进行了探讨。     

下一代互联网的机遇与挑战——在2005年中国互联网大会上的主题发言

各位领导、各位来宾，早上好!很高兴就“下一代互联网的机遇与挑战”跟大家交换一下看法。     

青藏高原羌塘北部托和平错一带二叠系展金组火山岩的特征及构造环境

西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早-中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合.该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%～54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na.区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322～0.499之间.综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列.区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17～12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93～1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6.火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境.     

精密导线网平面位移监测应用与分析

本文综述了某个大型工程平面变形监测的情况,用严密导线网成功地测定了平面位移,监测精度优于±3mm。     

广东省地震局的科技人员现状及其分析

本文对广东省地震局科技人员的年龄结构、专业结构、知识结构、职称结构的不合理状况和造成科技人员结构及数质上所存在问题的原因进行了分析讨论,并提出了对策和建议。     

华北地台基底构造

作者于六十年代初曾概述过中国东部前寒武纪大地构造轮廓和发展样式,探讨了前寒武纪大地构造研究的原则和方法。曾指出地质现象是按各种程序有规律地相互联系着的,而这些综合现象之间又形成了一个有规律的系统。它们的发展可以分阶段,同时也表现为旋迴形式,而地质旋迴的样式在地质历史发展过程中也必须是逐渐演化与发展的。应该把地球的地质历史总趋势理解为前进的、不可逆的和非均变的过程。正是基于此,作     

组建广东省地震灾害紧急救援队的必要性、可行性及其对策

简要回顾了地震灾害紧急救援的由来与发展；讨论了组建广东省地震灾害紧急救援队的必要性、可行性及其对策；提出救援队建设的原则和形式，探讨今后地震救援事业的发展方向。