副高活动与朔望月之间的联系特征及其动力学解释

根据1998年以及1991～1997年130°E副高脊线逐日资料分析和反查证实:天文潮汐力场在一定的环流条件下可以而且只有在一定的环流条件下才可以对大气环流演变起重要作用,对西太平洋副热带高压的演变而言,天文潮汐力场引起副高北跃和南撤初始日与朔望月奇异点同步的条件可能就是长江流域多雨期或者与副高北部边缘长时期降雨带有关的某种环流条件。最后,利用湿位涡在一定条件下不守恒理论对上述结论进行了动力学的解释。     

马鞍桥微细浸染型（沉积岩容矿）金矿床（体）快速定位预测研究

该矿床是华北板块南缘秦岭－“中央造山带”产于沉积岩系中的重要金矿床之一，Au的主要成矿期为“沉积变质期”。成矿作用演化自早古生代始至印支－燕山期，伴随板块构造逆冲带的发展，经历了漫长的“沉积（矿源）→变质（矿胚）→岩体热量影响（中国成矿元素叠加）→逆冲推覆、走滑脆－韧性剪节（矿体成型、初步定位）→伸展构造（破坏矿体、最终定位）演化的历程，与脆－韧性剪切带密切相伴”。应属板块构造逆冲带浊积岩－剪切带型层控金矿床，其快速定位预测标城具普遍性指导意义。     

菌类-水污染生态学研究现状及发展趋势

菌类－水污染生态学是研究菌类、污染物、水环境之间的相互关系，它是基于菌类对环境废水的处理，并且在防止生态系统的污染，充分利用菌类净化污水、监测水质等方面显示了很大优越性。菌类－水污染生态学起源于20世纪60年代。20世纪60－90年代，菌类－水污染生态学研究取得了很大的发展。菌类－水污染生态学的研究主要集中在水污染物对菌类的影响、水污染的净化及水污染的菌类监测等3个方面。为了促进该学科的发展，要继续进行菌类的毒理性试验、水污染对菌类影响以及如何提高菌类对水污染治理效果的研究。     

类型地图的空间相关关系

针对类型地图,在介绍已有空间相关关系分析方法的基础上,给出一种计算空间相关关系的简便方法,其基本思想是用现实分布与随机分布下相对重叠度的差异来表达类型之间的相关程度;同时还讨论了位置不确定性对类型地图空间相关关系的影响.实验表明,该方法能够有效表达类型地图之间的整体空间相关和局部空间相关.     

基于形状模板匹配的多边形查询

对矢量目标如建筑物、注记等形状的识别通常是基于栅格数据的,研究的基点是像素,其不足之处是准确率不高,运算量过大。对此,提出了一种新的研究思路,用矢量取代栅格(像素)作为研究的基点,识别算法以矢量为基础进行设计,采用的查询算子是傅立叶描述子。实验结果表明,该傅立叶描述子计算的查询算子区分度高,查询效果好,是一种稳健高效的识别工具。     

Weathering characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic black shale in northwestern Guizhou Province,south China

The northwestern Guizhou in the Yangtze Craton of south China has a tremendous potential of shale gas resource. In this paper, we present results from major and trace elements, total organic carbon, mineralogical composition analysis and petrophysical parameters to characterise shale weathering features. Further, the differences of black shale between underground and outcrops have also been presented to examine the changes of black shale after weathering. Our results show that the trace elements of shale have varying degrees of loss in the weathering leaching process, both in Niutitang shale and Longmaxi shale, the loss of B, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ba is obvious, but the element migration quantity in the former is greater than in the latter. Decomposition of minerals such as pyrite, feldspar and calcite result in the leaching of Na, Ca, Mg and Fe. The loss rate of total organic carbon (TOC) in black shales ranges from 18% to 70% with an average of 43%; moreover, the loss of organic carbon in samples with high TOC content is larger than in those samples with low TOC content. Results following the testing of porosity and permeability show that porosity increases significantly after weathering but permeability changes little. Furthermore, the increment of porosity is greater in the Niutitang shale (with more sulphide minerals) than in the Longmaxi shale, suggesting that the oxidation of sulphide minerals may have led to the formation of an acidic environment, causing the other minerals in the black shale to weather more quickly, thus resulting in increased porosity. The content of clay minerals in the core samples is slightly lesser than the outcrop samples, but the TOC content in the core samples is greater and has a larger specific surface area. This suggest that the TOC content played a decisive role on the specific surface area of shale. In addition, changes in the black shale caused by the weathering process mainly depend on the mineral composition and the TOC content in shale. In this study, we try to establish relations between outcrop samples and core samples, in order to better understand the underground characteristics of shale reservoir.     

北京十三陵——西山髫髻山组火山岩年龄及其地质意义

北京西北部地区分布着大量的火山岩,对北京西山大台和十三陵地区的髫髻山组火山岩分别进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb和LA-ICP-MS定年,并对十三陵地区的髫髻山组火山岩进行了地球化学研究。结果表明,十三陵地区的髫髻山组火山岩地球化学特征和北京西山髫髻山组火山岩具有相似性。火山岩地球化学特征表现为高Al_2O_3、Ca O、Na_2O,低Ti O_2和Mg O,在TAS图中落入粗安岩和英安岩区域,REE分馏明显,LREE富集,HREE亏损,Eu异常不明显,富集大离子亲石元素K、Sr、Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,高的Sr/Y比值,同时Yb和Y的含量较低。在大台地区,分别获得了髫髻山组火山岩底部角砾岩和中部安山岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为152.1±1.9Ma、149±2Ma,侵入到髫髻山组下覆九龙山组地层中一闪长岩岩床年龄为149±3.2Ma;在十三陵地区,分别获得了髫髻山组底部凝灰岩、中部火山角砾岩和上部安山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为157.2±1.2Ma、155.2±1.7Ma、153.1±2.2Ma。结合前人研究,十三陵地区髫髻山组火山时代为157~153Ma,大台地区髫髻山组火山活动时间为152~137Ma,十三陵地区的火山活动时间要稍早于北京西山大台地区。大台地区和十三陵地区地球化学、地质年代学及区域地质特征表明,北京西山和十三陵地区喷发时间的差异是由于燕山运动所形成不整合面的穿时性导致的,位于髫髻山组之下的不整合是一个主不整合面。     

SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE M4.9 AND M5.1 LITANG EARTHQUAKES ON 23 SEPTEMBER 2016 IN SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

On 23 September 2016, two earthquakes with magnitude of M4.9 and M5.1 occurred successively near Litang city in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. These two events are located between two large-scale fault zones, i.e., the Jinshajiang and Litang faults, in the northwest of the Sichuan-Yuannan active block, eastern Tibetan plateau. Based on the phase data and waveform data from the Sichuan regional seismic network, the M4.9 and M5.0 mainshocks and 390 aftershocks have been relocated using the multi-step locating method, and the focal mechanism solutions and centroid depths for the two mainshocks were calculated by the CAP waveform inversion method. From the spatial distribution of the relocated aftershocks and fault plane solutions of the two mainshocks, combining with the seismic intensity map and tectonic setting, we suggested that the two earthquakes were generated by the E-W trending northward dipping Hagala fault. The nodal plane consistent with the strike and dip of the Hagala fault is interpreted as the coseismic rupture plane with a dip angle of 44° for both the M4.9 and M5.1 earthquakes. And we inferred that the M4.9 and M5.1 earthquakes may be resulted from the nearly E-W striking Hagala normal faulting in the upper crust between the Litang and Batang regions due to the continuous eastward extrusion of the material of the Qiangtang block in the west.     

纵向地震作用下通航渡槽碰撞特征研究

通航渡槽与升船机是过坝的快速通道。通航渡槽具有墩高由高到低连续变化、升船机与相邻高墩区渡槽基本周期差异大的结构特点,属于地震下激烈碰撞易发结构。基于有限元模型,对通航渡槽进行碰撞特征、控制因素以及地震响应影响研究。研究结果表明:渡槽与升船机周期差异大是造成剧烈碰撞的主要因素,且此碰撞有明显的传递效应;具有大位移的高墩在相邻渡槽跨周期差异不大时也会造成剧烈的碰撞,是碰撞的另一主要控制因素;有别于桥梁结构中碰撞通常限制墩的位移,通航渡槽中靠近升船机的剧烈碰撞区域,出现了明显的槽墩位移放大现象;碰撞对支座剪力影响程度远大于墩底剪力、弯矩。     

Characteristics of Seismic Damage of Buildings: Constraints from Tilt Photography Technology

In this paper, the tilt photography data acquisition and three-dimensional modeling of the Tashkurgan M_S5.5 earthquake in Xinjiang are conducted using the tilt photography system of the Rotor UAV. The three-dimensional model is used to interpret the earthquake damage on buildings in the mega-earthquake area in order to acquire different-level house damage in the Kuzirun village disaster area. In addition, the characteristics of seismic damage on typical buildings are analyzed. The results show that the main collapsed houses in the mega-earthquake area are sand-stone buildings, of which about 39% are sand-stone buildings. Several brick-wood buildings and brick-concrete buildings are seriously damaged, while the buildings with frame structures are mainly slightly damaged, and the houses near the macro-epicenter of the earthquake are all in good conditions. Three-dimensional tilt photography technology can vividly display the scene of earthquake disaster, and can provide significant demonstration in building damage degree together with detailed analysis of disaster situation.