Sedimentary Evolution and Transgressions of the Western Subei Basin in Eastern China since the Late Pliocene

Sedimentary sequences in the Subei Basin are complex and have been affected by interactions between the ocean and rivers since the Late Pliocene, including the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and the Yangtze River. This sedimentary evolution, in particular the timing of Pleistocene transgressions, has long been a matter of controversy owing to the lack of precise chronological evidence. The aim of this study is to explore the evolution of the sedimentary environment throughout the past 3.00 Ma in this region on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of particle size and foraminifera and ostracods collected in the TZK9 core from the Subei Basin combined with geochronological studies of magnetostratigraphy, AMS¹⁴C and optically stimulated luminescence(OSL). The results show that fluvial facies in the sedimentary environment from 3.00 to 1.01 Ma. There were fluvial facies and reflects six sea-level high stands from 1.01 to 0.25 Ma. The study area was affected by four large-scale transgressions since 0.25 Ma. The four marine sedimentary layers known as DU7(buried at 48–52 m), DU5(buried at 35–41 m), DU3(buried at 16–23 m), and DU1(buried at 2–4 m) are recorded in the MIS7(210–250 ka), MIS5, MIS3, and Holocene, respectively. The magnitude of the DU5 transgression was identical to that of the DU3 transgression, both were larger than the DU7 transgression, and the DU1 transgression was the weakest. The variation of transgression strength reflects the influence of global changes in sea level, tectonic subsidence, shell ridges, and sand dams. In the TZK9 core, we found evidence of seven sea-level high stands from the Early–Middle Pleistocene, and the first one caused by regional rapid subsidence and could be traced back to 0.83-0.84 Ma. The sea-level high stands and the age of the first one recorded above was different from other cores in eastern China, this was caused by the lack of absolute age control and the differences in paleotopography during this period. This study reconstructs sedimentary evolution, determines the transgression and its age, establishes the chronology since the Late Pliocene, and provides a scientific framework for further paleoenvironmental and tectonic studies. The results of this study highlight the important role that local tectonics and global sea level play in the sedimentary evolution and transgressions that have occurred in the western Subei Basin.     

盐源—丽江构造带是新生代陆内造山带

盐源-丽江构造带处于扬子大陆与青藏特提斯的结合部,其造山时代的确定,不仅对正确认识该区的构造性质与发展历史及指导矿产勘查有重要意义,而且有助于判定印度-欧亚板块碰撞事件对欧亚板块内部影响的广度和深度。通过系列构造-成矿测年,结合地层、构造、岩浆活动、成矿作用的综合研究,证实盐源-丽江构造带是新生代陆内造山带,而不是印支造山带。其造山作用主要发生于中-晚始新世之交的喜马拉雅期,与欧亚-印度板块碰撞触发的扬子大陆岩石圈向青藏特提斯岩石圈俯冲有关,表现为地壳多层次拆离、剪切和沉积盖层的滑脱、褶皱和推覆,属陆内造山,系印度-欧亚板块碰撞事件的一种远程效应。     

铜仁碧江石林地质特征及成因分析

铜仁碧江石林是2016年碧江区旅游资源普查新发现最有开发价值的地文景观资源之一,为一处极为特殊的地质遗迹资源,发育在锦江北岸石灰岩顶盖上,石林普遍高1 25 m,象形山石众多,经省级终评为四级旅游资源。本文从碧江石林的地质特征及地质演化出发,对石林及其中象形山石的成因进行了分析,认为石林的形成主要经过了岩石形成、地下水溶蚀和地表塑造三个阶段,发育步骤为从节理裂隙—溶蚀网—埋藏石芽—溶沟、溶槽—高度增加—相互分离—成片石芽、石林。同时由于岩石组分局部不一致,可溶性存在差异和北东向、北东东向和近东西向三组节理裂隙的形成,加上地下水的侵蚀和溶蚀作用,从而形成了形态各异的象形山石。     

佛山西樵山及邻近地区MIS5a红土中主量元素含量特征及其古气候意义

本文主要对广东佛山西樵和邻近的粤东北的临江地层剖面MIS5a网纹红土的主量元素含量进行了研究。结果表明,这两个剖面MIS5a红土的SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TOFE（Fe 2 O 3 +FeO）含量、硅铝率n (SiO2) / n (Al2O3) 和化学蚀变指数 CIA 值与我国中亚热带和南亚热带红土都有明显的差异,而与热带地区——海南岛和雷州半岛红土中相应的地球化学指标比较接近。此前,在研究区碧寿洞和罗沙岩洞穴发现的MIS5a大熊猫—剑齿象动物化石群中,都含有热带动物成员——长臂猿（ Hylobates sp.）、犀（ Rhinoceros sp.）、中国犀（ Rhinoceros sinensis ）、华南巨獏（ Megatapirus cf. angustus ）和亚洲象（ Elephas sp.）。据此提出,西樵山和邻近地区MIS5a网纹红土代表了热带气候环境;MIS5a期间南岭以南广东境内的生物气候带属于边缘热带范围。     

弓长岭铁矿蚀变岩及富矿成因

弓长岭铁矿床是鞍山本溪地区最典型的BIF型铁矿床之一,而且是该地区最大的富铁矿产区。从野外产出关系来看,弓长岭矿区的富铁矿与蚀变岩密切相关,蚀变岩与富铁矿基本上是形影相随。蚀变岩具有分带性,由富铁矿向外依次为镁铁闪石岩石榴石岩绿泥石岩弱蚀变斜长角闪岩斜长角闪岩。弱蚀变岩保留了蚀变原岩的岩貌特征,矿物的蚀变并不完全,可见残余的原生矿物。强蚀变岩的蚀变较彻底,基本无原生矿物残留。将蚀变岩与斜长角闪岩、磁铁石英岩的地球化学特征进行对比可以发现弱蚀变岩、石榴石岩、绿泥石岩与斜长角闪岩的痕量元素特征基本一致,而镁铁闪石岩的痕量元素特征更接近磁铁石英岩。再结合镜下特征、野外接触关系、主量元素特征等证据,认为除了镁铁闪石岩是由磁铁石英岩蚀变形成,其余蚀变岩都是由斜长角闪岩蚀变形成。根据各类蚀变岩中主要矿物的(Fe+Mg)/Si值以及蚀变岩的SiO2和Fe2OT3含量变化规律可以发现,在蚀变岩和富矿形成过程中发生了Mg、Fe以及Si的迁移。对本次取样的样品进行原岩恢复和构造环境判别投图,投图结果表明,绿泥石岩和弱蚀变岩的最初原岩都是形成于弧后盆地的玄武岩。     

江西井冈山地区早古生代沉积岩的地球化学特征及其对沉积环境的制约

本文研究的井冈山地区位于华夏地块中部,在早古生代寒武纪-奥陶纪时期沉积了巨厚的泥砂质韵律岩层夹碳酸盐岩和含碳岩层.它们具有较高的SiO_2(53.12%～86.37%,平均为70.16%)和Al_2O_3含量(5.43%～22.70%,平均为13.54%),高的Al_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O)(1.36～174.6,平均为45.5)与K_2O/Na_2O比值(1.0～64.7,平均为20.4)以及低的TiO_2(0.30%～0.95%,平均为0.62%)和CaO含量(0.05%～6.05%,平均为0.63%).它们具有与上地壳相似的微量元素和稀土元素组成,即富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,铕负异常明显.它们的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征显示其沉积环境主要为被动大陆边缘浅海环境,物源区被剥蚀物质以上地壳成分为主.根据研究区内早古生代沉积物中没有蛇绿岩和火山岩、Ce异常较弱、有机碳的δ~13C_org值较低(-30.2‰～-25.4‰)、以及在沉积物中普遍发育的浅海沉积标志,如波痕、荷重模、泥砾、小型斜层理、含腕足类和腹足类等生物化石的灰岩透镜体等,认为研究区在早古生代时期不是洋盆,而是浅海-半深海或陆壳海槽,是由成冰纪时期的裂解事件,使原先的华南地块被肢解成许多次级块体(如武夷、赣中南、云开等)、各块体间成为浅海盆地的结果.     

苏北盆地末次间冰期以来的气候变化记录

通过对苏北盆地 XH1 钻孔上部 25 m 沉积岩心的研究,重建了苏北盆地末次问冰期以来的气侯环境变化.根据对苏北盆地 XH1 钻孔岩心地层年代、质量磁化率、孢粉的研究,可以较为清晰地划分出末次间冰期--深海氧同位素 5 阶段(25.0～16.5 m)、末次冰期早冰阶--深海氧同位素 4 阶段(16.5～12.5 m)、末次冰期间冰阶--深海氧同位素 3 阶段(12.5～9.5m)、末次冰期冰盛期--深海氧同位素 2 阶段(9.5～5.8 m)、冰后期--深海氧同位素 1 阶段(5.8～0 m).XH1 钻孔记录与深海沉积物氧同位素和古里雅冰心氧同位素的对比研究表明,它们之间有着较好的一致性,但苏北盆地 XH1 钻孔记录与我国西部古里雅冰心记录更为相似,这可能揭示了气候环境变化在全球背景下的区域性特征.     

长江故道底栖动物群落特征及资源衰退原因分析

选取青藏高原南北断面气候环境条件差异明显的大枪勇错、空姆错、纳木错、克鲁克湖和小柴达木湖的表层沉积物进行了陆源正构烷烃（C25-C31）的提取分析．通过将这些生物标志物δD值与源区生长季节大气降水国值进行比较,发现两者有很好的相关性．说明陆源沉积正构烷烃记录了生长季节降水同位素信号正构烷烃n-C25、n-C27与大气降水间氢同位素分馏在-45‰至-70‰之间,而n-C29、n—C31与大气降水间氧同位素分馏在-70‰至-95‰之间,沿青藏高原南北断面分馏恒定,分馏平均值分别是-57‰和-82‰通过对比欧洲断面的-130‰分馏值,可以看出青藏高原南北断面陆源沉积正构烷烃与大气降水间表观同位素分馏小很多。     

Development of grouting materials with application to the protection of the geological relics of the Weng'an Biota

The Weng'an Biota, a fossil KonservatLagerst?tte in South China that is c. 570 – 609 myr old, preserves the world's oldest zoolite and provides a unique empirical record for studying animal origins and early evolution. Due to geological disasters caused by the exploitation of the local phosphate mine, part of the fossilized records and the geological sections of the Weng'an Biota have been seriously damaged. Protection of this unique fossil area is urgently required. In this research, an innovative scheme for the protection of the geological relics of the Weng'an Biota is proposed by backfilling the mine cavity with specially formulated grouting materials. In view of the shortcomings of the current grouting materials, such as the high proportion of water separation, the low stone percentage and high cost, newly developed grout materials consisting of mixtures of cement-fly ash-expansion agent(C-F-E) were systematically studied by a combined method of theoretical analysis and experimental study. Firstly, new grouting materials(C-F-E) were developed using selected proportions of(1) Portland cement(P·O 32.5),(2) external admixture(Fly ash),(3) expansion agent(NV) and(4) admixture(DFZ). Then, the properties of new grouting materials(C-F-E), such as stability, stone percentage, rheology, fluidity, setting time and compressive strength were evaluated by laboratory tests. Finally, a new model of the hydration process was proposed for these newly developed grouting materials based on a detailed scanning electron microscopy(SEM) study of their microstructural development. These research results will provide an effective solution to the protection of the geological relics of the Weng'an Biota. Additionally, these grouting materials may prove suitable for solving similar problems in the management of most mine cavities requiring stabilization in the future.     

东北印度洋上层海水热含量及影响要素的季节变化

探讨了影响东北印度洋上层海水热含量变化的各要素的季节变化,以及其对热含量变化的贡献和作用过程.根据MOM4数值模拟所得的气候态数据,利用热力学方程积分所得的热通量方程,分析了热含量和各影响要素的季节变化过程.结果表明,东北印度洋海洋动力过程的作用主要存在于海洋上层100 m以内;该区域上层海水热含量的季节变化,是典型的海-气相互作用的结果,由动力过程和海表净热通量共同控制,2种作用都有明显的季节变化特征,并且随区域的变化两者贡献有所变化;西南季风爆发前,上层海洋热含量最大值的出现,是之前几个月动力作用和海表净热通量共同加热的结果.