Fast generation of cluster states in a linear ion trap

We propose a practical scheme to generate cluster states by simultaneously accomplishing two-qubit conditional gating on an array of equidistant ions by using transverse modes. Our operation is robust to heating and insensitive to Lamb--Dicke parameter. Meanwhile, as it is carried out in a geometric quantum computing fashion, our scheme enables the fast and high-fidelity generation of cluster states. The experimental feasibility is discussed with sophisticated ion trap techniques.     

琼东上升流的年际变化及长期变化趋势

全球变暖背景下沿岸上升流的年际变化是近年来的研究热点。本文基于1982—2012年的海表面温度和风场资料,分析了琼东上升流的强度和中心位置的年际变化规律以及沿岸风应力及其旋度的作用。结果显示,近30年来,琼东上升流强度总体减弱,相比于沿岸风应力,其变化与减弱的局地风应力旋度相关性更高;琼东上升流强中心位置最大概率发生在19.2°—19.3°N,与最大风应力旋度位置接近,且存在北移趋势。琼东上升流强度和位置的年际变化还存在周期约3年、5年和10年的本征模态,以3年周期变化为主。局地风应力旋度在琼东上升流的年际变化中发挥了重要作用。     

温度对美洲黑石斑(Centropristis striata)幼鱼生长和免疫因子活力与相关基因表达的影响

采用温度渐变的方法,研究了18、22、26、30℃共4个温度梯度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼[(73.74±3.76)g]生长及免疫因子活力的影响。结果表明,温度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼的生长和存活均有不同程度的影响。在实验温度范围内,随着温度的升高,美洲黑石斑幼鱼最终体重、特定增长率(SGR)、日增重(DWG)、增重率(GBW)和增长率(GBL)均出现先升高后降低的趋势,且部分温度组间差异显著(P0.05),其中上述各项指标中,温度22℃组均最高,与温度26℃组差异不显著(P0.05),而与温度18℃、30℃组存在显著性差异(P0.05);幼鱼的饲料系数(FCR)随温度升高先降低后升高,且部分温度组间差异显著(P0.05)。在成活率方面,除温度30℃组的成活率为82.2%,显著低于其他温度组外(P0.05),其他各温度组成活率均达到90%以上。温度对美洲黑石斑幼免疫相关酶活力和基因表达也存在一定影响。在实验第1 d时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活力随温度的升高呈逐渐升高的趋势,而在实验第60 d时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活力随温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,且22℃和26℃组显著高于18℃和30℃组(P0.05);而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在实验第1d时随温度的升高呈先下降后升高的趋势,实验第60 d时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力随温度的升高逐渐上升。温度也影响HSP70和HSP90基因的表达,尽管实验期间各实验组HSP70和HSP90基因的表达变化未呈现明显的规律性,但30℃组HSP70和HSP90的表达量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。从以上结果可见,温度对美洲黑石斑幼鱼的生长和免疫因子活力有一定影响,综合实验鱼的生长和免疫因子实验数据,美洲黑石斑幼鱼最适的生长温度应为22—26℃。     

西藏帮浦东段—笛给铅锌矿区CSAMT异常特征与深部找矿预测

西藏帮浦东段矿区浅部资源逐渐减少,深、边部开拓势在必行.采用CSAMT在帮浦东段—笛给矿区开展铅锌矿深部勘探与找矿预测工作,利用磁场强度Hy计算全区视电阻率共计42 840个,得到了勘探区CSAMT全区视电阻率异常图,进一步分析获得导电特性异常区4个,即高阻异常区R1、R2、R3和低阻异常区R4.通过结合以往勘探资料成...     

南美奥连特前陆盆地斜坡带低幅度构造形成物理模拟

奥连特盆地是一个位于南美安第斯山前的弧后前陆盆地,盆地东部斜坡带发育大量低幅度构造,并与油气有密切关系。为明确奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造的形成过程及其主控因素,深入分析了低幅度构造的发育特征,针对性地开展了构造物理模拟实验研究。结果表明,奥连特盆地东部斜坡带低幅度构造主要与逆断层、反转断层和走滑断层相伴生,一般位于断层上盘,控制其发育的动力学机制主要是断层的正反转作用和走滑作用,而且先存正断层向深部变缓,有利于断层后期的反转以及低幅度构造的发育。     

利用地震背景噪声成像技术反演三峡库区及邻近地区地壳剪切波速度结构

本文利用三峡库区重庆遥测台网及邻近地区台网2012年1月至12月期间的连续波形记录,通过噪声互相关,提取了这些台站间的经验格林函数.并通过获取的经验格林函数瑞利面波频散信息,反演出该区域5~40 s瑞利面波相速度分布.周期5 s及10 s的相速度分布结果显示：四川盆地具有较厚的沉积盖层,其中盆地中部沉积层相对偏浅.而周期20 s及35 s的相速度分布结果显示：中下地壳的扬子克拉通整体呈现较高的相速度分布,具有相对坚硬的中下地壳结构.这其中吉首—常德的武陵山区附近出现明显高速异常,可能与江南古陆古火山岛链（雪峰—九岭弧形古火山群）活动有关,火山活动导致大量的基性-超基性幔源物质侵入地壳,造成了武陵山重力异常,并一定程度上阻挡了云贵高原和湘鄂西部的物质向南逃逸;在地形上,此处恰好对应我国地形第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡带,并将华南地块分隔为东西两大部分.最后我们在瑞利面波相速度成像的基础上,反演出该区域三维剪切波速度分布,结果显示四川盆地周边的龙门山、米仓山、大巴山、七曜山和大娄山等地质构造与地壳剪切波速度结构具有明显对应关系.研究结果有助于深入研究该区的深部地质构造特征与地震发生机理.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Neoproterozoic, highly fractionated A-type granites from Mianning, South China

The origin of Neoproterozoic intrusions (ca. 860–750 Ma) along the western part of the Yangtze Craton has been the subject of debate in recent years, with two competing models proposed. The plume model argues for an extensional setting and emphasizes the role of a superplume in the Rodinia breakup, whereas the arc model argues for the presence of a subduction zone in the Yangtze Craton. As a contribution to this animated dispute, geochronologic and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the Mianning granite, which is the largest pluton (700 km²) in the northern Kangdian rift of the western Yangtze Craton. It is shown that the Mianning granites were emplaced at ca. 780 Ma and display highly fractionated feature (i.e., SiO₂ > 75 wt%; Eu/Eu* = 0.03–0.50; enrichment of K, Rb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Y and REEs; depletion of Nb, Ta, Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti). They are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.93–1.55) and contain abundant perthite and minor alkali riebeckite and sphene, sharing the petrological and geochemical characters of A₂-type granites. Positive _Nd (t) (2.97–5.24) and zircon _Hf (t) (9.2–12.1) values are consistent with a derivation by partial melting of a relatively young crust formed about 1000–900 Ma. Given the general absence of A-type granites in arc settings, the Mianning A-type granites are suggestive of an anorogenic, crustal extensional environment for the western Yangtze Craton during the Neoproterozoic. The data presented in this study are therefore consistent with an intracontinental rift model, but are not sufficient to identify plume involvement in the Neoproterozoic magmatism.     

陆浑湖湿地保护与恢复技术

介绍了陆浑湖湿地的性质及其功能,分析了陆浑湖湿地的主要威胁,研究了其湿地保护与生态恢复的方法与措施,旨在保护重要饮用水水源地,保护中华秋沙鸭等珍稀鸟类与鱼类的重要栖息地,并提出了陆浑湖湿地保护与可持续利用的对策建议。     

Assessing non-steady-state erosion processes using paired 10Be–26Al in southeastern Tibet

Quantifying erosion rates over various spatial and temporal scales across the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains is crucial to understanding the topographic evolution of the orogen. In this work, we report a new dataset of ¹⁰Be-derived basin-wide erosion rates from the main tributaries and streams draining the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The 22 basin-wide erosion rates ranged from 78 ± 7 m Myear⁻¹ to 3,490 ± 612 m Myear⁻¹ across the study area. ²⁶Al was contemporarily measured to evaluate the impact of sediment storage and non-steady-state erosion processes in the syntaxis region. The paired study of ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al reveals that several samples violated the steady-state erosion assumption and were compatible with the scenario of perturbation of reworked sediments or deeply sourced materials introduced by landslides. For most samples, deep-sourced materials with higher ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be ratios were no longer perturbing the ¹⁰Be signals in river sediments. It is possible that the deep-sourced materials had been wiped out of the basins before the collection of samples in this work. However, the perturbation of reworked sediments was observed over a range of basin scales, limiting the use of a single sediment sample as a representative erosion product for upstream basins. Compared with tectonically stable regions, the incorporation of reworked fluvial sediments, deeply sourced materials or sub-glacial eroded materials into sampled sediments led to the decoupling between basin-wide erosion rates and topographic or climatic indices. Caution should be taken when deriving erosion rates from rapidly eroding regions with old, deeply buried sediments such as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, where calculated erosion rates may be highly overestimated.     

东南亚红土镍矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨 ——以印尼苏拉威西岛Kolonodale矿床为例

Kolonodale矿床是东南亚红土镍矿带上一处典型矿床,位于印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛东部。矿床产自富镁超基性岩红土风化壳,矿化剖面自上而下出现红土层→腐岩层→基岩层垂向分带。红土镍矿石产在红土剖面上部,载镍矿物是铁质氧化物。硅镁镍矿石产在红土剖面中下部,载镍矿物为镍蛇纹石、镍滑石等含水层状硅酸盐矿物。地球化学分析显示,沿矿化剖面元素地球化学分异非常显著,Ni次生富集效应明显。超基性岩红土化过程的元素地球化学行为具有多样性,Fe、Al、Ti、Cr属残留富集组分,Si、Mg属淋滤缺失组分,Mn、Ca、Co、Ni属次生富集组分。通过典型矿床对比,Kolonodale矿床属原地自生硅酸盐型红土镍矿床,其发育受地质背景和地表环境条件的综合制约。富镁超基性岩、良好的构造组合、稳定的大地构造环境、湿热热带雨林气候、有利地形地貌等均是成矿有利条件。综合分析认为,Kolonodale矿床的成矿过程可划分为腐岩化、红土化和次生富集3个成矿阶段。