Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope constraints on crustal melting associated with the Emeishan mantle plume

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dates, combined with in-situ Hf isotopic data, provide new constraints on the petrogenesis and protolith of peralkaline, metaluminous and peraluminous intrusions and rhyolitic tuffs in the Emeishan large igneous province, with significant bearing on crustal melting associated with mantle plumes. Syenite and A-type granitic intrusions from Huili, Miyi and Taihe in the center of this large igneous province yield U-Pb dates at ∼260 Ma, consistent with the ages obtained for mafic layered intrusions in the same province. Zircon from these rocks exhibits a wide range of initial Hf isotope ratios (ε_Hf(t) = −1.4 to +13.4), with corresponding T_DM1 of 400-900 Ma. The highest ε_Hf(t) value is only marginally lower than that of depleted mantle reservoir at 260 Ma, suggesting that their source is primarily juvenile crust added during Emeishan volcanism, with incorporation of variable amounts of Neoproterozoic crust. The trigger of crustal melting is most likely related to advective heating associated with magmatic underplating. In contrast, the 255-251 Ma peraluminous granites from Ailanghe and 238 Ma rhyolitic tuff from Binchuan, have negative initial ε_Hf values of −1.3 to −4.4, and of −7.7 to −14, respectively. Hf isotopic model ages and presence of inherited zircons indicate their derivation from Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic crust, respectively. Given the time lag relative to the plume impact (∼260 Ma) and insignificant mantle contribution to 255-238 Ma magmatism, conductive heating is suggested as the trigger of crustal melting that resulted in formation of delayed felsic magmas. The involvement of older crust in younger felsic magmas is consistent with upward heat transfer to the lithosphere during plume impregnation, if the age of crust is inversely stratified, i.e., changes from Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic to Permian with increasing depth. Such crust may have resulted from episodic, downward crustal growth during the evolution of the western Yangtze Craton.     

CMIP6情景模式比较计划（ScenarioMIP）概况与评述

情景模式比较计划（ScenarioMIP）是第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）最重要的子计划之一。该子计划基于不同共享社会经济路径可能发生的能源结构所产生的人为排放及土地利用变化,设计了一系列新的情景预估试验,为未来气候变化机理研究以及气候变化减缓和适应研究提供关键的数据支持。文中将重点介绍ScenarioMIP的试验设计及模式参与情况,并对其应用前景加以讨论和展望。     

Maser Emission of Relativistic Electrons Spiralling and Drifting in Curved Magnetic Fields

Synchro-curvature radiation describes the emission from a relativistic charged par- ticle which is moving and spiralling in a curved magnetic field. We investigate the maser emission for synchro-curvature radiation including drift of the guiding center of the radiating electron. It is shown that under some conditions the absorption coefficient can be negative, so maser can happen. These conditions are different from those needed for maser emission of curvature radiation including drift of the charged particles. We point out that our results, in- cluding the emissivity, can reduce to these of curvature radiation. Previously it was found that synchro-curvature radiation can not generate maser in vacuum, but we argue that synchro- curvature radiation including drift can generate maser even in vacuum. We discuss the possi- bilities of the potential applications of the synchro-curvature maser in modeling gamma ray bursts and pulsars.     

基于GLM模型Logistic回归的菲律宾蛤仔地理群体判别

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)是重要的海洋经济贝类和海水养殖品种,具有较强的表型可塑性特点,不同地理群体之间存在表型差异。本研究根据实测数据建立了胶州湾与天鹅湖菲律宾蛤仔壳长(SL)与壳高(SH)、壳宽(SW)和活体重(W)的回归方程,定量分析了两个地理群体的形态学差异。由于其近似圆形的形态使得所能测量的外部指标较少,限制了传统形态测量学在其地理群体判别中的应用。本研究提出了将传统形态测量学和广义线性模型(GLM)相结合的方法,建立了判别菲律宾蛤仔地理群体的逻辑斯蒂(Logistic)回归方程。结果表明:菲律宾蛤仔的天鹅湖群体比胶州湾群体具有更高的SH/SL和SW/SL比值,壳形椭圆较圆且隆起程度高,"凸"形明显;基于GLM模型的Logistic回归能够快速准确地判别菲律宾蛤仔的地理群体归属,判别正确率高达94.23%。本研究为双壳类物种地理群体判别提供了新的分析方法和技术手段。     

利用概率密度分布提取流体观测资料中的高频异常信息——以2008年汶川8.0级地震为例

随着地下流体观测技术的提高,尤其是地下流体观测数字化改造以后,观测资料的采样频率明显提高,这些高频采样的观测资料中蕴含着丰富的构造信息,如何从分钟值甚至更高频率采样的观测资料中提取有用的异常信息,是目前从事地震地下流体资料分析人员最为关注的科学问题之一.本文引入概率密度分布法,分析了2008年汶川8.0级地震前南北地震带及其附近区域72个测点的数字化水位和水温分钟值采样高频观测资料,结果显示:汶川8.0级地震前有16个测点水位和14个测点水温出现高频异常信息,出现高频信息异常的观测点多集中在滇西南构造带,异常出现的时间呈现出由南向北推移的特征.据此认为概率密度分布法在流体资料的高频异常信息提取方面具有一定的可靠性与适用性,可为数字化高频观测资料异常提取提供借鉴.     

地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现

叠前逆时偏移技术是解决地震成像问题的有力工具,但由于计算量大、成像噪音以及存储量大等原因没有得到广泛的应用.本文给出了逆时偏移的实现过程,分析了高阶有限差分格式的稳定性与频散关系.针对叠前逆时偏移计算量大的问题,使用图形处理器(Graphic Processing Unit,简称GPU)实现算法加速,比传统的CPU计算速度提高了一个数量级.文中对理论模型进行了计算,并与单程波偏移方法做比较,结果表明:叠前逆时偏移有效突破了成像倾角限制,对垂直断层、盐丘空腔内幕等特殊构造成像效果均有显著提高.本文尚未涉及成像噪音去除以及存储量等问题,笔者将另文阐述.     

碳汇视角下海洋生态效率的时空差异及影响因素研究——以环渤海地级市为例

为了推进海洋高质量发展,建设海洋强国,基于2011～2020年环渤海16个地级市的面板数据,运用非期望产出超效率SBM模型和Tobit模型测度环渤海地级市的海洋生态效率、时空演化特征并实证分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)从时序演化看, 2011～2020年环渤海地级市海洋生态效率均值呈波动上升趋势,仍有较大进步空间。(2)从空间差异看,环渤海地级市海洋生态效率空间分布格局由2011年高低生态效率水平相间分布的无序状态向2020年两个较高生态效率区空间上集聚的有序化发展倾向转变,但并未出现区域协同化发展趋势。(3)Malmquist生产率指数分解表明,研究前期纯技术效率作为效率增长的单一推动力存在动力不足问题;研究后期2016～2020年,技术进步、规模效率双驱动,保证了海洋生态效率的提升。(4)地区经济发展水平、碳减排水平对环渤海地级市海洋生态效率具有显著正向影响;环境规制、海洋产业结构呈显著负相关;海洋科技水平正向影响但未通过显著性检验。未来要注重海洋科技发展、推进绿色低碳转型以及加强地区间合作,提升海洋发展基础以促进环渤海地区海洋高质量发展。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from eastern Guangdong, SE China: constraints on the lithosphere evolution beneath the northern margin of the South China Sea

The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating reveals three episodes of basaltic volcanism in eastern Guangdong of SE China since the late Eocene (i.e., 35.5, ~20 and 6.6 Ma). The Miocene alkali olivine basalts (~20 and 6.6 Ma) have OIB-like trace element characteristics, which is coupled with low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, high ε_Nd(t), and high ε_Hf(t). In contrast, the late Eocene basalts (35.5 Ma) have overall characteristics of “Island Arc” basalts with strong negative Ta–Nb–Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized multi-element diagram with high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, negative ε_Nd(t), and relatively low ε_Hf(t). All basalts have unexpectedly high ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, delineating a DUPAL signature in the sources. The late Eocene Arc-like basalts may reflect contributions of relict ancient metasomatized mantle lithosphere that melted as the result of extension-induced asthenospheric upwelling and heating, whereas the Miocene OIB-like basalts may represent partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle beneath the thickened lithosphere. We propose that the Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern Guangdong records an overall lithospheric thickening process beneath SE China, that is, a continental rift system from its maximum extension in the late Eocene to its waning in the Miocene. This interpretation is consistent with the evolution of the South China Sea, whose origin is most consistent with the development of a passive continental margin. The seafloor spreading of the South China Sea during ~ 32–16 Ma may not result from the effect of the “Hainan” mantle plume, but rather played a positive role in allowing the mantle plume to express on the surface.     

Hf–Nd isotopic decoupling in continental mantle lithosphere beneath Northeast China: Effects of pervasive mantle metasomatism

Nd–Hf isotopic decoupling has frequently been observed in the continental and oceanic mantle, but its origin remains controversial. Here we present combined elemental and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic study on peridotite xenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from Shuangliao and Jiaohe in Northeast China, which provides insight into this issue. The data reveal a heterogeneous lithospheric mantle beneath Northeastern China, consisting of fertile (type I) to strongly refractory (type II) peridotites. Type I peridotites are largely shielded from late metasomatism, thus preserving information of depletion events. Nd model age suggests a Proterozoic lithospheric mantle beneath NE China. Type II peridotites are mostly refractory harzburgites and show ubiquitous enrichment of incompatible elements. They are further divided into two sub-groups. Clinopyroxenes from type IIa samples have high and wide Lu/Hf (0.34–1.3) and very radiogenic Hf isotopic ratios (ε_Hf = 44.4–63.8). Hf concentration is generally low (0.12–0.43 ppm) and plots along or slightly above the modeled partial melting depletion trend. In contrast, Nd content in type IIa clinopyroxenes is significantly higher than the modeled concentrations in residues at a given degree of melt depletion. The difference in enrichment of Hf and Nd translates to decoupling of Lu/Hf–Sm/Nd ratios and of Nd–Hf isotopes (ε_Nd = −1.3 to 8.4). Clinopyroxenes from most of type IIb peridotites have relatively low Lu/Hf ratios (0.04–0.24) and coupled Nd–Hf isotopes. Both Hf and Nd plot significantly above the depletion trend; their concentrations are governed by the equilibrium partitioning between percolating melt and peridotites. The distinct geochemical characteristics of type IIa and type IIb clinopyroxenes may have resulted from chromatographic percolation of small volumes of silicate melts, in which percolation fronts of incompatible elements are dependent on their relative incompatibilities.